Download Free Frequency Variations In Power Systems Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Frequency Variations In Power Systems and write the review.

Frequency Variations in Power Systems: Modeling, State Estimation and Control presents the Frequency Divider Formula (FDF); a unique approach that defines, calculates and estimates the frequency in electrical energy systems. This authoritative book is written by two noted researchers on the topic. They define the meaning of frequency of an electrical quantity (such as voltage and current) in non-stationary conditions (for example the frequency is not equal to the nominal one) and pose the foundation of the frequency divider formula. The book describes the consequences of using a variable frequency in power system modelling and simulations, in state estimation and frequency control applications. In addition, the authors include a discussion on the applications of the frequency divider in systems where part of the generation is not based on synchronous machines, but rather on converter-interfaced energy resources, such as wind and solar power plants. This important book: Offers a review that clearly defines and shows how the Frequency Divider Formula can be applied Discusses the link between frequency and energy in power systems Presents a unified vision that accurately reveals the common thread that links modelling, control and estimation Includes information on the many implications that “local frequency variations” have on power system dynamics and control Contains several numerical examples Written for researchers, academic staff members, students, specialised consultants and professional software developers, Frequency Variations in Power Systems questions the conventional transient stability model of power system and proposes a new formulation.
Frequency Variations in Power Systems: Modeling, State Estimation and Control presents the Frequency Divider Formula (FDF); a unique approach that defines, calculates and estimates the frequency in electrical energy systems. This authoritative book is written by two noted researchers on the topic. They define the meaning of frequency of an electrical quantity (such as voltage and current) in non-stationary conditions (for example the frequency is not equal to the nominal one) and pose the foundation of the frequency divider formula. The book describes the consequences of using a variable frequency in power system modelling and simulations, in state estimation and frequency control applications. In addition, the authors include a discussion on the applications of the frequency divider in systems where part of the generation is not based on synchronous machines, but rather on converter-interfaced energy resources, such as wind and solar power plants. This important book: Offers a review that clearly defines and shows how the Frequency Divider Formula can be applied Discusses the link between frequency and energy in power systems Presents a unified vision that accurately reveals the common thread that links modelling, control and estimation Includes information on the many implications that “local frequency variations” have on power system dynamics and control Contains several numerical examples Written for researchers, academic staff members, students, specialised consultants and professional software developers, Frequency Variations in Power Systems questions the conventional transient stability model of power system and proposes a new formulation.
Frequency Variations in Power Systems: Modeling, State Estimation and Control presents the Frequency Divider Formula (FDF); a unique approach that defines, calculates and estimates the frequency in electrical energy systems. This authoritative book is written by two noted researchers on the topic. They define the meaning of frequency of an electrical quantity (such as voltage and current) in non-stationary conditions (for example the frequency is not equal to the nominal one) and pose the foundation of the frequency divider formula. The book describes the consequences of using a variable frequency in power system modelling and simulations, in state estimation and frequency control applications. In addition, the authors include a discussion on the applications of the frequency divider in systems where part of the generation is not based on synchronous machines, but rather on converter-interfaced energy resources, such as wind and solar power plants. This important book: Offers a review that clearly defines and shows how the Frequency Divider Formula can be applied Discusses the link between frequency and energy in power systems Presents a unified vision that accurately reveals the common thread that links modelling, control and estimation Includes information on the many implications that “local frequency variations” have on power system dynamics and control Contains several numerical examples Written for researchers, academic staff members, students, specialised consultants and professional software developers, Frequency Variations in Power Systems questions the conventional transient stability model of power system and proposes a new formulation.
Renewable energy sources such as wind power have attracted much attention because they are environmentally friendly, do not produce carbon dioxide and other emitants, and can enhance a nation’s energy security. For example, recently more significant amounts of wind power are being integrated into conventional power grids. Therefore, it is necessary to address various important and challenging issues related to wind power systems, which are significantly different from the traditional generation systems. This book is a resource for engineers, practitioners, and decision-makers interested in studying or using the power of computational intelligence based algorithms in handling various important problems in wind power systems at the levels of power generation, transmission, and distribution. Researchers have been developing biologically-inspired algorithms in a wide variety of complex large-scale engineering domains. Distinguished from the traditional analytical methods, the new methods usually accomplish the task through their computationally efficient mechanisms. Computational intelligence methods such as evolutionary computation, neural networks, and fuzzy systems have attracted much attention in electric power systems. Meanwhile, modern electric power systems are becoming more and more complex in order to meet the growing electricity market. In particular, the grid complexity is continuously enhanced by the integration of intermittent wind power as well as the current restructuring efforts in electricity industry. Quite often, the traditional analytical methods become less efficient or even unable to handle this increased complexity. As a result, it is natural to apply computational intelligence as a powerful tool to deal with various important and pressing problems in the current wind power systems. This book presents the state-of-the-art development in the field of computational intelligence applied to wind power systems by reviewing the most up-to-date work and representative practical problems collecting contributions from leading experts in electrical engineering, system engineering, and other disciplines.
Power System Oscillations deals with the analysis and control of low frequency oscillations in the 0.2-3 Hz range, which are a characteristic of interconnected power systems. Small variations in system load excite the oscillations, which must be damped effectively to maintain secure and stable system operation. No warning is given for the occurrence of growing oscillations caused by oscillatory instability, since a change in the system's operating condition may cause the transition from stable to unstable. If not limited by nonlinearities, unstable oscillations may lead to rapid system collapse. Thus, it is difficult for operators to intervene manually to restore the system's stability. It follows that it is important to analyze a system's oscillatory behavior in order to understand the system's limits. If the limits imposed by oscillatory instability are too low, they may be increased by the installation of special stabilizing controls. Since the late 60s when this phenomena was first observed in North American systems, intensive research has resulted in design and installation of stabilizing controls known as power system stabilizers (PSS). The design, location and tuning of PSS require special analytical tools. This book addresses these questions in a modal analysis framework, with transient simulation as a measure of controlled system performance. After discussing the nature of the oscillations, the design of the PSS is discussed extensively using modal analysis and frequency response. In the scenario of the restructured power system, the performance of power system damping controls must be insensitive to parameter uncertainties. Power system stabilizers, when well tuned, are shown to be robust using the techniques of modern control theory. The design of damping controls, which operate through electronic power system devices (FACTS), is also discussed. There are many worked examples throughout the text. The Power System Toolbox© for use with MATLAB® is used to perform all of the analyses used in this book. The text is based on the author's experience of over 40 years as an engineer in the power industry and as an educator.
* Basic power quality strategies and methods to protect electronic systems * Nearly twice the size of the last edition--new chapters on distributed generation and benchmarking--over 200 pages of new material
This book provides a thorough understanding of the basic principles, synthesis, analysis, and control of virtual inertia systems. It uses the latest technical tools to mitigate power system stability and control problems under the presence of high distributed generators (DGs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) penetration. This book uses a simple virtual inertia control structure based on the frequency response model, complemented with various control methods and algorithms to achieve an adaptive virtual inertia control respect to the frequency stability and control issues. The chapters capture the important aspects in virtual inertia synthesis and control with the objective of solving the stability and control problems regarding the changes of system inertia caused by the integration of DGs/RESs. Different topics on the synthesis and application of virtual inertia are thoroughly covered with the description and analysis of numerous conventional and modern control methods for enhancing the full spectrum of power system stability and control. Filled with illustrative examples, this book gives the necessary fundamentals and insight into practical aspects. This book stimulates further research and offers practical solutions to real-world power system stability and control problems with respect to the system inertia variation triggered by the integration of RESs/DGs. It will be of use to engineers, academic researchers, and university students interested in power systems dynamics, analysis, stability and control.
Frequency control is one of the major concerns of power system operators. Frequency varies as the result of a supply-demand mismatch. Due to possible destructive outcomes of large frequency variations, several mechanisms are in operation to keep supply and demand in balance. Increasing penetration of non-dispatchable intermittent generation resources may increase power supply volatility, which makes frequency control more challenging. Emerging utility-scale storage technologies with reasonable cost have participated in electricity markets in recent years. Because of fast-ramping capabilities of these resources, one of their attractive applications is providing frequency regulation service. However, the amount of energy they can produce or consume is limited due to their restricted storage capabilities. Thus, in spite of their fast response to a deployment signal, their duration of response is bounded. In this thesis, we focus on using fast-responding resources to control frequency in power systems. In this research, the first question is if the participation of these resources in the regulation market have any adverse effect on the frequency control performance of the system. If the answer is yes, the next question is what is the best strategy to not only prevent the negative consequences but also improve the benefits of using fast-responding resources for frequency control. For this research, the system of Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) is selected. All power system studies related to frequency control require an appropriate dynamic model. In this dissertation, a simplified model is constructed, which represents the ERCOT system frequency response during a short period of time after a contingency. The model is validated and tuned against system frequency measured by Phasor Measurement Units. Especially in situations of not having information about system individual units, this simplified model is highly advantageous. However, to study system frequency during normal conditions, a more comprehensive model is essential. Thus, we develop ERCOT Frequency Modeling and Analysis Tool (EFMAT), which has the required level of details and accuracy to simulate system frequency. All proposed approaches of modeling and parameter tuning in this research are also applicable to other power systems. In order to answer our research questions, we start with investigation of ERCOT Fast-Responding Regulation Service (FRRS). For selected historic days, conventional regulation providers are replaced by a storage system providing FRRS. For various capacities of the storage system, frequency is simulated using EFMAT and a system frequency control performance index is calculated. Comparing calculated index of different simulations can reveal the effect of FRRS capacity on the system performance. The simulations are repeated for several FRRS deployment strategies similar to the strategies of other North America power markets along with our proposed modifications. Three different storage systems are assumed in the simulations: one with unlimited stored energy, one with 6 minutes energy duration, and one with 15 minutes energy duration. Finally, FRRS optimal capacity and equivalency ratio between FRRS and conventional regulation are defined and calculated for the best deployment strategy.
Power Quality in Modern Power Systems presents an overview of power quality problems in electrical power systems, for identifying pitfalls and applying the fundamental concepts for tackling and maintaining the electrical power quality standards in power systems. It covers the recent trends and emerging topics of power quality in large scale renewable energy integration, electric vehicle charging stations, voltage control in active distribution network and solutions to integrate large scale renewable energy into the electric grid with several case studies and real-time examples for power quality assessments and mitigations measures. This book will be a practical guide for graduate and post graduate students of electrical engineering, engineering professionals, researchers and consultants working in the area of power quality. Explains the power quality characteristics through suitable real time measurements and simulation examples Explanations for harmonics with various real time measurements are included Simulation of various power quality events using PSCAD and MATLAB software PQ disturbance detection and classification through advanced signal processing and machine learning tools Overview about power quality problems associated with renewable energy integration, electric vehicle supply equipment’s, residential systems using several case studies
Both deregulation in the electrical supply industry and the creation of new electricity markets present electric utility companies with the challenge of becoming more efficient without compromising quality of service. Providing new solutions for this newly deregulated paradigm, Power Quality: VAR Compensation in Power Systems presents comprehensive coverage of power quality, harmonics, and static var compensators in one single volume. The book explains how to ensure that power quality is not affected by the harmonics generated by power electronic equipment and explains how to reduce labor costs and increase reliability of supply by employing a single pole autoreclosing scheme. It also addresses how to analyze frequency response of current transformers and voltage transformers while measuring harmonics. Based on the authors’ extensive experience in the electric supply industry, Power Quality enables engineers to meet the demands of increased loads, strengthen their transmission systems, and ensure reliable electric supply.