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Abstract: The text is designed to help students understand the fundamental nature of behavioral research and the scientific approach to problem solution. It is a treatise on scientific research and problem solving. Stress is on the research problem, the design of research and the relation between the two. The notions of set, relation, variance, probability theory, statistics and measurement present a means to integrate the diverse content of research activity into a unified and coherent whole. Emphasis is on psychological and educational research activity. Particular topics are 1) language and approach of science; 2) sets, relations and variance; 3) probability, randomness and sampling; 4) analysis, interpretation, statistics and inference; 5) analysis of variance; 6) desigbs of research; 7) types of research; 8) measurement; 9) observation and data collection methods; and 10) multiple regression and factor analysis.
For the graduate level course in research methods that can be found in either psychology or education departments. This text examines the fundamentals of solving a scientific research problem, focusing on the relationship between the problem and the research design. This edition includes new information about computer statistical software, multivariate statistics, research ethics, and writing research reports in APA style. This book is ideal for graduate students in that it covers statistics, research methodology, and measurement all in one volume. This is a book that graduate students will keep as a reference throughout their careers.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
This ground-breaking book presents a brief history of behaviorism, along with a critical analysis of radical behaviorism, its philosophy and its applications to social issues. This third edition is much expanded and includes a new chapter on experimental method as well as longer sections on the philosophy of behaviorism. It offers experimental and theoretical examples of a new approach to behavioral science. It provides an alternative philosophical and empirical foundation for a psychology that has rather lost its way. The mission of the book is to help steer experimental psychology away from its current undisciplined indulgence in "mental life" toward the core of science, which is an economical description of nature: parsimony, explain much with little. The elementary philosophical distinction between private and public events, even biology, evolution and animal psychology are all ignored by much contemporary cognitive psychology. The failings of radical behaviorism as well as a philosophically defective cognitive psychology point to the need for a new theoretical behaviorism, which can deal with problems such as "consciousness" that have been either ignored, evaded or muddled by existing approaches. This new behaviorism provides a unified framework for the science of behavior that can be applied both to the laboratory and to broader practical issues such as law and punishment, the health-care system, and teaching.
Originally published in 1984, this book proposes a structural theory of social attitudes, presents the empirical evidence for the theory, and defines and explores liberalism and conservatism and the justification for associating social attitudes with these terms. The core ideas are that the structure of social attitudes, those sets of beliefs about social "objects" or referents shared by many or most people of a society, is basically dualistic rather than bipolar, and that the referents of social attitudes are differentially criterial to individuals and groups of individuals. The common belief that social attitudes are polarized, with liberal beliefs at once end of a continuum and conservative beliefs at the other end, is questioned. Instead, liberalism and conservatism are conceived as separate and independent sets of beliefs. The book will elaborate and explain these statements and bring evidence to bear on the empirical validity.
Abstract: The text is designed to help students understand the fundamental nature of behavioral research and the scientific approach to problem solution. It is a treatise on scientific research and problem solving. Stress is on the research problem, the design of research and the relation between the two. The notions of set, relation, variance, probability theory, statistics and measurement present a means to integrate the diverse content of research activity into a unified and coherent whole. Emphasis is on psychological and educational research activity. Particular topics are 1) language and approach of science; 2) sets, relations and variance; 3) probability, randomness and sampling; 4) analysis, interpretation, statistics and inference; 5) analysis of variance; 6) desigbs of research; 7) types of research; 8) measurement; 9) observation and data collection methods; and 10) multiple regression and factor analysis.