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With an enormous velocity, olefin polymerization has expanded to one of the most significant fields in polymers since the first industrial use about 50 years ago. In 2005, 100 million tons of polyolefins were produced - the biggest part was catalyzed by metallorganic compounds. The Hamburg Macromolecular Symposium 2005 with the title "Olefin Polymerization" involved topics such as new catalysts and cocatalysts, kinetics, mechanism and polymer reaction engineering, synthesis of special polymers, and characterization of polyolefins. The conference combined scientists from different disciplines to discuss latest research results of polymers and to offer each other the possibility of cooperation. This is reflected in this volume, which contains invited lectures and selected posters presented at the symposium.
In 1972, a very powerful catalytic cycle for carbon-carbon bond formation was 2 first discovered by the coupling reaction of Grignard reagents at the sp -carbon. Over the past 30 years, the protocol has been substantially improved and expanded to other coupling reactions of Li,B,N,O,Al,Si,P,S,Cu,Mn,Zn,In,Sn, and Hg compounds. These reactions provided an indispensable and simple methodology for preparative organic chemists. Due to the simplicity and rel- bility in the carbon-carbon, carbon-heteroatom, and carbon-metalloid bo- formations,as well as high efficiency of the catalytic process,the reactions have been widely employed by organic chemists in various fields. Application of the protocol ranges from various syntheses of complex natural products to the preparation of biologically relevant molecules including drugs, and of sup- molecules, and to functional materials. The reactions on solid surfaces allow robot synthesis and combinatorial synthesis. Now, many organic chemists do not hesitate to use transition metal complexes for the transformation of org- ic molecules. Indeed, innumerable organic syntheses have been realized by the catalyzed reactions of transition metal complexes that are not achievable by t- ditional synthetic methods. Among these, the metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have undoubtedly contributed greatly to the development of such a new area of “metal-catalyzed organic syntheses”. An excellent monograph for the cross-coupling reactions and other met- catalyzed C-C bond-forming reactions recently appeared in Metal-catalyzed Cross-coupling Reactions (Wiley-VCH,1998).
An important reference for researchers in the field of metal-enzyme hybrid catalysis Artificial Metalloenzymes and MetalloDNAzymes in Catalysis offers a comprehensive review of the most current strategies, developed over recent decades, for the design, synthesis, and optimization of these hybrid catalysts as well as material about their application. The contributors—noted experts in the field—present information on the preparation, characterization, and optimization of artificial metalloenzymes in a timely and authoritative manner. The authors present a thorough examination of this interesting new platform for catalysis that combines the excellent selective recognition/binding properties of enzymes with transition metal catalysts. The text includes information on the various applications of metal-enzyme hybrid catalysts for novel reactions, offers insights into the latest advances in the field, and contains an informative perspective on the future: Explores the development of artificial metalloenzymes, the modern and strongly evolving research field on the verge of industrial application Contains a comprehensive reference to the research area of metal-enzyme hybrid catalysis that has experienced tremendous growth in recent years Includes contributions from leading researchers in the field Shows how this new catalysis combines the selective recognition/binding properties of enzymes with transition metal catalysts Written for catalytic chemists, bioinorganic chemists, biochemists, and organic chemists, Artificial Metalloenzymes and MetalloDNAzymes in Catalysis offers a unique reference to the fundamentals, concepts, applications, and the most recent developments for more efficient and sustainable synthesis.
Quality Control and Evaluation of Herbal Drugs brings together current thinking and practices for evaluation of natural products and traditional medicines. The use of herbal medicine in therapeutics is on the rise in both developed and developing countries and this book facilitates the necessary development of quality standards for these medicines.This book elucidates on various challenges and opportunities for quality evaluation of herbal drugs with several integrated approaches including metabolomics, chemoprofiling, marker analysis, stability testing, good practices for manufacturing, clinical aspects, Ethnopharmacology and Ethnomedicine inspired drug development. Written by Prof. Pulok K Mukherjee, a leader in this field; the book highlights on various methods, techniques and approaches for evaluating the purity, quality, safety and efficacy of herbal drugs. Particular attention is paid to methods that assess these drugs' activity, the compounds responsible and their underlying mechanisms of action. The book describes the quality control parameters followed in India and other countries, including Japan, China, Bangladesh, and other Asian countries, as well as the regulatory profiles of the European Union and North America. This book will be useful in bio-prospecting of natural products and traditional medicine-inspired drug discovery and development. - Provides new information on the research and development of natural remedies - essential reading on the study and use of natural resources for preventative or healing purposes - Brings together current thinking and practices in quality control and standardization of herbal drugs highlighting several integrated approaches for metabolomics, chemo-profiling and marker analysis - Aids in developing knowledge of various techniques including macroscopy, microscopy, HPTLC, HPLC, LC-MS/MS, GC-MS etc. with the development of integrated methods for evaluation of botanicals used in traditional medicine - Assessment of herbal drugs through bio-analytical techniques, bioassay guided isolation, enzyme inhibition, pharmacological, microbiological, antiviral assays and safety related quality issues - References global organizations, such as the WHO, USFDA, CDSCO, AYUSH, TCM and others to serve as a comprehensive document for enforcement agencies, NGOs and regulatory authorities
The two-part, fifth edition of Advanced Organic Chemistry has been substantially revised and reorganized for greater clarity. The material has been updated to reflect advances in the field since the previous edition, especially in computational chemistry. Part A covers fundamental structural topics and basic mechanistic types. It can stand-alone; together, with Part B: Reaction and Synthesis, the two volumes provide a comprehensive foundation for the study in organic chemistry. Companion websites provide digital models for study of structure, reaction and selectivity for students and exercise solutions for instructors.
The 'Red Book' is the definitive guide for scientists requiring internationally approved inorganic nomenclature in a legal or regulatory environment.
Intended for students of intermediate organic chemistry, this text shows how to write a reasonable mechanism for an organic chemical transformation. The discussion is organized by types of mechanisms and the conditions under which the reaction is executed, rather than by the overall reaction as is the case in most textbooks. Each chapter discusses common mechanistic pathways and suggests practical tips for drawing them. Worked problems are included in the discussion of each mechanism, and "common error alerts" are scattered throughout the text to warn readers about pitfalls and misconceptions that bedevil students. Each chapter is capped by a large problem set.