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The concept behind this book is to take a holistic view of food texture, starting with the determination of food texture, its perception in the mouth, and its measurement by both sensory and instrumental methods, and to examine the relation between them. The book has been divided into four sections: Fundamentals, Sensory and Human Interactions, Instrumental Analysis, and Food Products. Essentially we cover the techniques used for measuring food texture, and then apply them to the different product groups. Readers of the first edition will notice the title has changed, with the adoption of the term texturology. In the long history of food texture research, texturology has been occasionally used in literature. The term texturology has not been widely accepted by texture researchers (texturologists) because of their concern over whether the theories and techniques are broad and strong enough to support texture research as a scientific discipline. During the 24 years since the publication of the first edition, the editors have observed vast developments in theories as well as the assessment methodology of food texture (both sensory and instrumental) and these have shaped our understanding. This second edition brings the science up to date by introducing topics not previously covered (e.g. psychophysics, tribology, oral processing, texture maps and special foods for dysphagia patients). It includes an exposé of the instruments to measure food texture, and also considers techniques for measuring consumer perception of food texture (in addition to the sensory properties). Additionally, it amends omissions from the first edition such as dairy products; fish; bakery products; and, sugar confectionery, asproduct groups. All in all it is expanded and updated in its coverage of food texturology, as a coherent scientific discipline.
The concept behind this book is to take a holistic view of food texture, starting with the determination of food texture, its perception in the mouth, and its measurement by both sensory and instrumental methods, and to examine the relation between those methods. The book has been divided into two sections. The first deals with perception of food texture and techniques for its measurement. The second focuses on individual groups of food commodities. The first section is interlaced with appropriate food-related examples to reinforce the applied nature of the subject.
The ?eld of sensory science has grown exponentially since the publication of the p- vious version of this work. Fifteen years ago the journal Food Quality and Preference was fairly new. Now it holds an eminent position as a venue for research on sensory test methods (among many other topics). Hundreds of articles relevant to sensory testing have appeared in that and in other journals such as the Journal of Sensory Studies. Knowledge of the intricate cellular processes in chemoreception, as well as their genetic basis, has undergone nothing less than a revolution, culminating in the award of the Nobel Prize to Buck and Axel in 2004 for their discovery of the olfactory receptor gene super family. Advances in statistical methodology have accelerated as well. Sensometrics meetings are now vigorous and well-attended annual events. Ideas like Thurstonian modeling were not widely embraced 15 years ago, but now seem to be part of the everyday thought process of many sensory scientists. And yet, some things stay the same. Sensory testing will always involve human participants. Humans are tough measuring instruments to work with. They come with varying degrees of acumen, training, experiences, differing genetic equipment, sensory capabilities, and of course, different preferences. Human foibles and their associated error variance will continue to place a limitation on sensory tests and actionable results. Reducing, controlling, partitioning, and explaining error variance are all at the heart of good test methods and practices.
This book examines both the primary ingredients and the processing technology for making candies. In the first section, the chemistry, structure, and physical properties of the primary ingredients are described, as are the characteristics of commercial ingredients. The second section explores the processing steps for each of the major sugar confectionery groups, while the third section covers chocolate and coatings. The manner in which ingredients function together to provide the desired texture and sensory properties of the product is analyzed, and chemical reactions and physical changes that occur during processing are examined. Trouble shooting and common problems are also discussed in each section. Designed as a complete reference and guide, Confectionery Science and Technology provides personnel in industry with solutions to the problems concerning the manufacture of high-quality confectionery products.
This book examines the psychology involved in handling, and responding to, materials in artistic practice, such as oils, charcoal, brushes, canvas, earth, and sand. Artists often work with intuitive, tactile sensations and rhythms that connect them to these materials. Rhythm connects the brain and body to the world, and the world of abstract art. The book features new readings of artworks by Matisse, Pollock, Dubuffet, Tápies, Benglis, Len Lye, Star Gossage, Shannon Novak, Simon Ingram, Lee Mingwei, L. N. Tallur and many others. Such art challenges centuries of philosophical and aesthetic order that has elevated the substance of mind over the substance of matter. This is a multidisciplinary study of different metastable patterns and rhythms: in art, the body, and the brain. This focus on the propagation of rhythm across domains represents a fresh art historical approach and provides important opportunities for art and science to cooperate.
This volume provides an overview of the latest research findings on the physics, physiology, and psychology of food oral consumption, as well as the experimental techniques available for food oral studies. Coverage includes the main physical and physiological functionalities of the mouth; the location and functionalities of various oral receptors; the main sequences of eating and drinking, and the concomitant food disintegration and destabilisation. Chapters also explain oral processing and its relation to flavour release and texture perception, and there is an introduction to the principles of food rheology as they relate to eating. Food Oral Processing is directed at food scientists and technologists in industry and academia, especially those involved in sensory science and new product development. It will also be of interest to oral physiologists, oral biologists and dentists. The book will be a useful reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students of these disciplines.
Even before the publication of Special Technical Publication 433 of the American Society for Testing and Materials, it became obvious that the brief treatment given to the principles and techniques for sensory measurement and analysis of texture in that volume was all too brief; hence, a task force of ASTM Committee E-18 was formed to develop an authoritative and comprehensive volume on this most complex and important subject to provide within one cover for the student, researcher, and the food manufacturer, a definition and an understanding of the subject offood texture, as well as sensory and objective methods for its measurement. This most difficult task appeared to be possible only after the task force had obtained the assistance of special ists in the many disciplines involved, and after deciding to limit the dissertation to the measurement of texture of foods only. The task was further clarified when Dr. Finney proposed an outline of six chapters, beginning with one on definition. The second chapter was to be on principles of sensory evaluations, the third on sensory measurements, the fourth on principles of objective evaluation, the fifth on objective measurements, and the final concluding chapter on subjective-objective analogues. The first drafts of these six chapters constituted a symposium on texture presented before a joint session at the 1971 Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technology and the American Society for Testing and Materials.
Cake products with highly acceptable flavor and mouthfeel are not always successful in the marketplace. Sales of identical cake products sold in two different bakery shops often differ. Patrons’ choices of specific cake items differ depending on menu designs at restaurants. Such examples suggest that consumer behavior related to eating, preparing, or purchasing foods and beverages is typically complex, dynamic, and sensitive to environmental cues surrounding them. The nine original research articles and two systematic review articles addressed in this book provide recent informative and insightful findings on how sensory cues related to eating/drinking environmental contexts can serve as “sensory nudges” that induce healthy eating and drinking along with consumer satisfaction.
Modifying Food Texture, Volume 1: Novel Ingredients and Processing Techniques discusses texture as an important aspect of consumer food acceptance and preference, and the fact that specific consumer groups, including infants, the elderly, and dysphagia patients require texture-modified foods. Topics covered include ingredients and processing techniques used in texture modification of foods, an overview of food texture issues, the novel use of processing techniques for texture modification, and the uses of food ingredients in texture-modified foods. - Discusses texture as an important aspect of consumer food acceptance and preference - Presents findings and tactics that address the special needs of infants, the elderly, and dysphagia patients - Topics covered include ingredients and processing techniques used in texture modification of foods, along with an overview of food texture issues, amongst others