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Abstract: Changes that have occurred in Chile's food and nutrition situation from 1930-1970 are documented, explained, and examined within the context of the socioeconomic and political development. An overview of the initiatives adopted to reduce malnutrition precedes a detailed discussion of the milk distribution program. Despite some improvement in nutritional standards in Chile, malnutrition persists. Reflecting a pattern evident in many countries, corrective measures all too often do not reach the neediest. The National Nutrition Plans for 1942 and 1974are in the appendix.
This document will include critical information on the policy design and implementation process. Its purpose is to describe the content of the standard, elements of the policy and the main questions arising from different sectors, during the process of drafting the law and legislative procedure, as well as during the policy design and implementation of the standard. Likewise, it aims to present the challenges and the factors that allowed progress in its implementation. The main audience for this paper will be decision-makers, parliamentarians, high-level officials from ministries, and civil society institutions.
The worrying increase in overweight and obesity in the Region has led the countries to develop regulations and public policies to overcome this problem. Many of these aim to transform food environments to be healthier, improving access and influencing people's behavior, discouraging the purchase and consumption of unhealthy foods. In Chile, in 2016 a Law on Nutritional Composition of Foods and its advertising was implemented, which mandates the use of warning stamps "HIGH IN" on foods with high sugar, sodium, saturated fat or energy content, also prohibiting their sale in schools and advertising with a focus on children under 14 years of age. The food industry in Chile played a very active role during the discussion and implementation of the law, having as major concern the impact it could have on the productive sector. At the time of its implementation, it showed good compliance with the use of stamps, also responding with reformulation and development of new products, also adjusting its advertising and marketing campaigns. This document evaluates four aspects of the response of the food production sector in the implementation of the first phase of the Law: attitudes of the main actors of the food sector, food reformulation, use of stamps as a marketing strategy and impact on variables of the manufacturing sector and commercial. This information is an additional input to the discussion of the impact of the labeling laws that are being implemented in countries of the Region.
Few nutritionists and economists fully appreciate how the political environment shapes policy and subsequently affects the relevance of their policy recommendations When governments fail to follow the recommendations of nutritionists and economists and are unable to design and implement cost-effective nutrition programs and policies, it is often attributed to “politics” or to lack of “political will” on the part of decisionmakers Past nutrition planning efforts frequently failed to understand the goals and behavior of the various agents and institutions inside and outside the government that, in the final analysis, determine whether the planning effort is successful In The Political Economy of Food and Nutrition Policies, Per Pinstrup-Andersen brings together a group of distinguished authorities to improve the understanding of how nutrition policies are formulated within larger political and economic contexts and how public-sector agencies behave with regard to food and nutrition.
Abstract: The articles introduce the types of considerations involved in formulating food and nutrition policies in developing countries, with particular reference to the young child. Specific examples and practical information are a means of planning to place food and nutrition in the larger context of national development. Efforts to improve the nutritional status of children must incorporate direct medical measures and the interplay of varied socioeconomic forces which affect a child's health. Topics included are: (1) macrovariables of demand, supply and need and the systematized approach to malnutrition; (2) long-term national policy; (3) specific interventions of immediate impact; (4) implementation of supplementary funding programs; (5) deficiency diseases and control; and (6) the relationship of the food industry to nutritional status.