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People eat and drink very differently throughout their life. Each stage has diets with specific ingredients, preparations, palates, meanings and settings. Moreover, physicians, authorities and general observers have particular views on what and how to eat according to age. All this has changed frequently during the previous two centuries. Infant feeding has for a long time attracted historical attention, but interest in the diets of youngsters, adults of various ages, and elderly people seems to have dissolved into more general food historiography. This volume puts age on the agenda of food history by focusing on the very diverse diets throughout the lifecycle.
This fascinating volume examines the impact that rapid urbanization has had upon diets and food systems throughout Western Europe over the past two centuries. Bringing together studies from across the continent, it stresses the fundamental links between key changes in European social history and food systems, food cultures and food politics. Contributors respond to a number of important questions, including: when and how did local food production cease to be sufficient for the city and when did improved transport conditions and liberal commercial relations replace local by supra-regional food supplies? How far did the food industry contribute to improved living conditions in cities? What influence did urban consumers have? Food and the City in Europe since 1800 also examines issues of food hygiene and health impacts in cities, looks at various food innovations and how ’new’ foods often first gained acceptance in cities, and explores how eating fashions have changed over the centuries.
The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries form a very distinctive period in European food history. This was a time when enduring feudal constraints in some areas contrasted with widening geographical horizons and the emergence of a consumer society.While cereal based diets and small scale trade continued to be the mainstay of the general population, elite tastes shifted from Renaissance opulence toward the greater simplicity and elegance of dining à la française. At the same time, growing spatial mobility and urbanization boosted the demand for professional cooking and commercial catering. An unprecedented wealth of artistic, literary and medical discourses on food and drink allows fascinating insights into contemporary responses to these transformations. A Cultural History of Food in the Early Modern Age presents an overview of the period with essays on food production, food systems, food security, safety and crises, food and politics, eating out, professional cooking, kitchens and service work, family and domesticity, body and soul, representations of food, and developments in food production and consumption globally.
Abstract: These essays are based on the contributions to the Fifth International Conference on Ethnological Food Research organized by the Institute of Ethnology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in October 1983. This publication deals with the changing eating habits in the Middle Ages in a number of countries--includes the U.S., but mainly in Europe. Contents includes: 1) Periods and turning-points in the history of Bulgaria and Slovakia; 2) Diet and social movements in the U.S.; 3) Potato spirits in early days of East Germany and the potato and the Polish Kitchen; 4) Hard tack as a popular food in Greece and continuity and change in the Irish diet; 5) Popular Rumanian food in the late 18th and 19th centuries and eating habits in Russian towns in the 16th and 19th centuries; 6) Pottery and food preparation, storage and transport in the Scottish Hebrides: and 7) Medieval fasting.
Food defines us as individuals, communities, and nations - we are what we eat and, equally, what we don't eat. When, where, why, how and with whom we eat are crucial to our identity. Feast and Fast presents novel approaches to understanding the history and culture of food and eating in early modern Europe. This richly illustrated book will showcase hidden and newly-conserved treasures from the Fitzwilliam Museum and other collections in and around Cambridge. It will tease out many contemporary and controversial issues - such as the origins of food and food security, overconsumption in times of austerity, and our relationship with animals and nature – through short research-led entries by some of the world's leading cultural and food historians. Feast and Fast explores food-related objects, images, and texts from the past in innovative ways and encourages us to rethink our evolving relationship with food.
The History of Food: From Ancient Times to Modern Day takes you on a trip through what people have eaten and how it has shaped our lives. This book shows why learning about food history matters, highlighting how food reflects culture, technology, and society. Starting with early human diets, the book talks about what hunter-gatherers ate and how the discovery of fire changed everything. Learn about the Agricultural Revolution, the start of farming, and how villages and cities formed, changing human societies forever. Explore ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, and India to find out what people commonly ate. Understand the Middle Ages, where feudalism influenced what peasants and nobles ate, and see how spices and trade routes changed European diets. The book also explains the Islamic Golden Age's impact on farming and cooking. The Age of Exploration brought the Columbian Exchange, introducing new foods like potatoes, tomatoes, and corn to Europe, changing diets around the world. Learn how colonialism mixed local and European food traditions. The Renaissance and Early Modern Period saw new cooking techniques and the rise of professional chefs. Discover the elaborate feasts and dining customs of the time. The Industrial Revolution brought machines to farming, better food production, and processed foods, changing how food was made and sold in cities. In the 20th century, world wars affected food supplies, leading to new ways to preserve and package food. Fast food chains started, and convenience foods became popular. Globalization spread international foods, influenced by media and food trends. Modern food trends focus on health and nutrition, with a rise in organic and health foods, and the mixing of different global foods creating fusion dishes. Technology plays a role in genetically modified foods and sustainable farming, looking at the future of food production and environmental impacts. The book ends by looking at the future of food, including lab-grown meat, plant-based alternatives, and global food security. It reflects on how food history shapes our present and what future trends might bring. Complete with a glossary of terms, a timeline of major food events, suggested readings, and an index for easy reference, The History of Food offers a simple and complete guide to the past, present, and future of what we eat.
A comprehensive comparative review bringing together all current approaches - social, psychological, medical, aesthetic and economic - to the study of the history of food and diet, covering the whole of Europe from the Middle Ages to the 19th century and, often, beyond.
"The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries form a very distinctive period in European food history. This was a time when enduring feudal constraints in some areas contrasted with widening geographical horizons and the emergence of a consumer society. While cereal based diets and small scale trade continued to be the mainstay of the general population, elite tastes shifted from Renaissance opulence toward the greater simplicity and elegance of dining 9la franð̀Đise. At the same time, growing spatial mobility and urbanization boosted the demand for professional cooking and commercial catering. An unprecedented wealth of artistic, literary and medical discourses on food and drink allows fascinating insights into contemporary responses to these transformations. A Cultural History of Food in the Early Modern Age presents an overview of the period with essays on food production, food systems, food security, safety and crises, food and politics, eating out, professional cooking, kitchens and service work, family and domesticity, body and soul, representations of food, and developments in food production and consumption globally."--Bloomsbury Publishing.