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The series Tasks for Vegetation Science is devoted to a variety of research aspects in vegetation science, pure as wellas applied. Of the applied problems one of the most pressing is to achieve better knowledge and improvement of the pasture vegetation in tropical and subtropical regions. As series editor I was impressed by the sheer volume of useful scientific information concerning pasture plants from East Africa collected during many years by Dr. Boonman and compiled in one manuscript. Dr. Boonman first came to East Africa in 1963 on an overland journey along the river Nile which took him from Alexandria in Egypt to Lake Victoria in Uganda and Kenya and back again. After a brief spell as a cotton agronomist in the Sudan Gezira he joined the grassland research team at Kitale, Kenya in 1966. Improvement ofseed yield oftropical grasses was his principal interest which finally led him into the fieldof breeding grasses. Well-known varieties from his work include Boma & Elmba Rhodesgrass as wellas Clone 13Elephantgrass. In 1979he was recalled to The Netherlands to head a cooperative seedcompany involved in the breeding of grasses and cereals. The author has focused this study on one region, Eastern Africa.Global application of theories runs into conflicts too easily with local types of farming, if not with bare economics. Very few books can be found that describe existing practices and seek local answers by digging deep in the stacks of old, local reports.
This book is based on more than 1000 references to English and French articles produced in the region over many decades. A comprehensive review of the achievements in farming and research in both wet and dryland is given, related to the grasslands of: Eastern Africa, extending from Malawi to Eritrea, including Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Sudan and eastern Zaire. Sown grasses, within the time-proven system of mixed-farming based on crop-grass rotations. Fodders, e.g. Elephant grass, dryland-Sorghum, lucerne, Leucaena, tropical legumes and hay.£/LIST£ The main objectives of the book are to illustrate the value of East African grasses and fodders for: Livestock: East Africa is the gene-centre of the world's most famous cultivated tropical grasses capable of achieving high animal performance, also without fertilizer. Soil fertility maintenance: local farmers pioneered the practice of grass fallows with Elephant grass to restore soil fertility. This was later extended to sown grasses to accelerate the restoration process. Crop yields are doubled following pasture. Environmental protection: priority in natural grassland is to prevent deterioration. In crop-pasture rotations grasses are effective in trapping rainfall and in reducing erosion by improved soil structure. Topics discussed include animal manure versus fertilizer; zero versus direct grazing; fodder crops (annual and perennial) versus grass conservation; seed production and plant breeding. The main species in cultivation are described in detail.
This study looks at the challenges facing the livestock trade between the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. It addresses capacity building needs for pastoralists, traders and exporters to become more competitive, as well as priority interventions for water infrastructure development/rehabilitation and fodder production.
Sorghum is the most important cereal crop grown in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) of Africa, Asia, Australia and Americas for food, feed, fodder and fuel. It is the fifth most important cereal crop globally after rice, wheat, maize and barley, and plays a major role in global food security. Sorghum is consumed in different forms for various end-uses. Its grain is mostly used directly for food purposes. After the release of the proceedings of two international symposia in the form of books “Sorghum in Seventies” and “Sorghum in Eighties”, global sorghum research and development have not been documented at one place. Of course, few books on sorghum have been released that focus on specific issues/research areas, but comprehensive review of all aspects of recent development in different areas of sorghum science has not been compiled in the form a single book. This book is intended to fill in a void to bridge the gap by documenting all aspects of recent research and development in sorghum encompassing all the progress made, milestones achieved across globe in genetic diversity assessment, crop improvement and production, strategies for high yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, grain and stover quality aspects, storage, nutrition, health and industrial applications, biotechnological applications to increase production, including regional and global policy perspectives and developmental needs. This book will be an institutional effort to compile all the latest information generated in research and development in sorghum across the globe at one place.
This publication includes a set of protocols and standards for the production of quality planting material of the most important vegetatively reproduced crops, namely: banana, plantain and other Musaceae, cassava, cocoyam, garlic, hausa potato, konjac, mashua, oca, potato, sweet potato, taro, ulluco and yam. Prepared by FAO, in collaboration with the International Potato Centre and a team of international experts, it follows the principles and approach of FAO's Quality Declared Seed System. Vegetatively propagated crop species contribute significantly to the agriculture and food production sectors of many developing countries and regions and to their food security. The current availability and dissemination of advanced reproduction technologies, in particular for micropropagation, have increased the scope for improvement and development of disease-free planting materials for these crops. However, in spite of their potential, they have received little attention in formal seed quality regulatory systems. Thus, these protocols and standards were developed to serve as practical and useful tools for seed producers and technicians at the community level as well as for national seed services and the agricultural research community in developing countries. Improved quality of planting materials will contribute significantly to improved agricultural production and productivity and to global food security. Book jacket.
This is the hidden history of an invention that we use every day but seldom dare to speak of. In medieval China it was cutting-edge technology. For 19th-century Americans it was a newfangled alternative to dried corncobs and the Sears & Roebuck catalogue. Wits in Georgian London preferred pages of bad poetry. The sages of ancient Athens were content to wield the xylospongion instead. It's the tale of toilet paper; the biography of bumfodder. From its origins at the Imperial court of Emperor Hongwu to its reinvention as a quack remedy for haemorrhoids in 1870s New York city; from the Dutch and their mussel-shells to Henry VIII and his Groom of the Stool; from Madame de Prie's pioneering bidet to the space-age Washlet; from leaf-wielding chimpanzees to Mr Thirsty Fiber and the world's first three-adjective loo-roll - it's a story of necessity and invention, luxury and squalor, experiment and tradition. What does a submarine crew do when it runs out of toilet paper? Who stole the Pope's loo-roll? Does printer's ink cause piles? How do you fold a sheet of toilet paper in half more than seven times? What did 'bumphleteers' do, and why? Richard Smyth answers the questions you never thought to ask about the product we can't live without.
This publication capitalizes on the experience of scientists from the North Africa and Near East countries, in collaboration with experts from around the world, specialized in the different aspects of greenhouse crop production. It provides a comprehensive description and assessment of the greenhouse production practices in use in Mediterranean climate areas that have helped diversify vegetable production and increase productivity. The publication is also meant to be used as a reference and tool for trainers and growers as well as other actors in the greenhouse vegetables value chain in this region.
Drawing on literature reviews from ongoing unpublished research, research reports and symposia carried out on various aspects of the importance, ecology, biology and control of weedy rices, this publication also highlights global economic and environmental problems created by weedy rices, including red rice types.
Forage crops are an essential component of livestock’s diet. Production and availability of sufficiently good quality forage under diverse ecological dynamics are fundamental to develop an efficient and productive livestock industry. Growers worldwide, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries, face significant challenges in producing sufficient winter fodder. The livestock population is increasing at high rates, and its feed requirement is increasing accordingly. Fodder crops are the leading and cheapest source of feed for livestock; however, the shortage of fodder production is the primary limiting factor for livestock production. This book features an extensive overview of literature providing information on winter fodders used in livestock management. Key features Discusses breeding strategies of winter fodders through conventional approaches and biotechnology. Highlights production, agronomy, and bioecology of winter fodder crops. Provides comprehensive information on the ecological dynamics of winter fodders. Describes the use of precision agriculture for mitigating the effect of climate change on winter fodders. Relays challenges of winter fodder crops on account of microbes, toxins, pests, and diseases. This book is written for researchers and practitioners in agronomy, biotechnology, bioecology and is a comprehensive guide for improving winter fodder production.
CANNON FODDER - An English Boy Raised and Blooded in the Cannon's Mouth Like many English couples exhausted and disenchanted after World War One, Douglas Baker's mother and father emi­grated with their children to South Africa searching for new opportunities to settle the restlessness that the war had engen­dered in them. South Africa itself was a potpourri of races and cultures which offered opportunities that favoured some, whilst allowing them to retain their very English culture. Douglas himself, born in England, had to contend with conditions in the foreign land in which his family had chosen to raise him. South Africa was a war torn nation where there had been 82 fiercely fought battles against indigenous peoples like the Zulus, more recent settlers like the immigrant Boers, German colonials and more recently rebellious elements bordering on civil war. Added to this furore, a mix of contending civilizations was the discovery of gold and diamonds on the Rand and at Kimberly which added to the excitement and competition. It was through the English residents and Empire builders like Cecil Rhodes that the curse of Apartheid and its stark regulations were challenged. Cannon Fodder is the prequel to War, Wine & Valour (published in 2005), and documents the author's childhood up to his volunteering to fight for king and country during the Second World War. "Douglas Baker is a remarkable man and has written a remarkable book. As an infantryman, he rescued a wounded comrade at Gazala while under intensive cross fire. In the carnage at Alamein a shell took away most of his right shoulder blade. He retrained on Sherman tanks. Near Florence an 88mm shell burst on his tank perforating his right lung and almost severing his left arm. He absconded from hos­pital and fought once more at the front. Although just one man's experience of the war it is a gift to the historian with its engrossing accounts and accurate detail. It is also a fascinating insight into day-to-day events and personal feelings during this dif­ficult time. He is undecorated and receives no military pension from the British Government." William Roach MBE Douglas Baker, now in his eighty eighth year, is a medical doctor, academic and public speaker who has spent the past fifty years researching the hidden facets of human nature. The second volume of the author's autobi­ography, War, Wine and Valour describes in vivid detail the six arduous years he spent in the British Armed forces during World War Two. Born in England, but raised in South Africa, he responded to the threat of Nazism and barely sixteen years old enlisted in the Natal Mounted Rifles. His regiment faced Axis forces on five fronts, in Kenya, Central Abyssinia, Cyrenaica and with the British Eighth army he participat­ed in the Battle of El Alamein in which he was dangerously wounded. During the Italian Campaign he fought with the United States Fifth Army and again suf­fered near mortal injuries when his Sherman tank was hit with enemy shell fire. Through six years of active service he came to understand the psychology of men at bay when confronted repeatedly with bombardment, direct attack and sus­tained terror. The experience of war evoked in him curiosity and discovery which led to the mastery of medicine at Sheffield University. Interweaving the narrative are detailed descriptions and maps, thoroughly researched, of the major battles that the author and his comrades participated in. Their first hand experience adds richness to these events. This is a remarkable story of a remarkable man.