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Publisher Description
State and local government fiscal systems have increasingly become vulnerable to economic changes. Over the past three decades, state and local deficits during economic recession have been larger and deeper each time. The impact of the Great Recession and its aftermath of feeble growth and lingering high unemployment has been dramatic both in scope and intensity. Before the crisis, long-term structural deficits were persistent for both individual governments and the entire sector as spending plans and patterns outpaced governments' revenue-generating capacity. The revenue systems of these governments eroded while the workloads and scope on the expenditure side of the state and local system budget continued to grow. This handbook evaluates the persistent problems in the fiscal systems of state and local governments and what can be done to solve them. It contains 35 chapters authored by 60 practitioners and academics who are renowned scholars in state and local finance. Each chapter provides a description of the discipline area, examines major developments in policy, practices and research, and opines on future prospects. The chapters are divided into four sections. Section I is a systematic discussion of the institutional, economic, and political framework that provides a background for understanding the structure and financial performance of the state and local sector. The chapters in Section II provide an overview of the various components of state and local revenue systems and how they reacted to the Great Recession. They analyze the diverse forms of taxes and charges in detail, prescribe remedies and alternatives, and examine the implications for future revenue performance. Chapters in Section III turn to spending, borrowing and financial management in the state and local sector. The focus is on the big six service delivery sectors: education, health care, human services, transportation, pensions, and housing. Section IV is a set of chapters that look ahead and speculate about how the state and local government sector's money-raising, spending, and service delivery structures will adjust to the new circumstances.
State and Local Public Finance provides a comprehensive and sophisticated analysis of state and local government public finance practices and issues, using the basic tools of economics. This fifth edition maintains its focus on key local services such as education, health care, and transportation and brings in new coverage of land use and housing, applications from behavioral economics, and more international comparisons. This textbook provides an examination and analysis of public finance practices and problems in a federal fiscal system, focusing on the fiscal behavior and policies of state and local governments. Modern economic theory is applied to examine the way key institutions are used to produce and finance services and to provide evaluation of alternative policies. This stalwart text will continue to be invaluable reading for those who study public finance, local government finance, urban economics, public policy, and public administration.
This booklet contains the stories of six teachers who discuss, step by step, how they each handled a specific restructuring challenge in their schools. They describe what strategies worked and what did not, and provide diagrams and checklists to help other teachers. Chapter 1 describes the implementation of a collaborative school-based decision-making project, the Effective Schools Project, at Centreville Elementary School in Fairfax County, Virginia. Chapter 2, "Matters of Time" (Margaret Almony) discusses how time-management techniques were utilized at Ahuimanu Elementary School in Kanehoe, Hawaii, to make time for a Mastery-in-Learning Project and teacher participation in a site-based-management council. Chapter 3, "Seasons of Change" (Laura P. Krich) describes the implementation of a Mastery-in-Learning Project at Diamond Middle School in Lexington, Massachusetts. Chapter 4, "Bringing a New Order to Things" (Jonathan C. Kieffer) describes how Jackson Road Elementary School (in the Montgomery County, Maryland, Public School System) restructured school time to provide for school-based research and faculty collaboration. The fifth chapter, "Pushing Learning beyond the Classroom Walls" (Jeanne Lokar) examines the development of an outcomes-based education (OBE) program at the Richard Mann Building of the Gananda Community School District, in Macedon, New York. The final chapter, "Rising from the Ashes" (Mike Marriam) discusses how failure to initiate a school change facilitated a growth process for Seneca Middle School in Seneca Falls, New York. A glossary and an appendix containing a diagram of systemic school restructuring are included. (LMI)