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Modelling of information is necessary in developing information systems. Information is acquired from many sources, by using various methods and tools. It must be recognized, conceptualized, and conceptually organized efficiently so that users can easily understand and use it. Modelling is needed to understand, explain, organize, predict, and reason on information. It also helps to master the role and functions of components of information systems. Modelling can be performed with many different purposes in mind, at different levels, and by using different notions and different background theories. It can be made by emphasizing users' conceptual understanding of information on a domain level, on an algorithmic level, or on representation levels. On each level, the objects and structures used on them are different, and different rules govern the behavior on them. Therefore the notions, rules, theories, languages, and methods for modelling on different levels are also different. It will be useful if we can develop theories and methodologies for modelling, to be used in different situations, because databases, knowledge bases, and repositories in knowledge management systems, developed on the basis of models and used to technically store information, are growing day by day. In this publication, the interest is focused on modelling of information, and one of the central topics is modelling of time. Scientific and technical papers of high quality are brought together in this book.
Ubiquitous sensors, devices, networks and information are paving the way toward a smart world in which computational intelligence is distributed throughout the physical environment to provide reliable and relevant services to people. This ubiquitous intelligence will change the computing landscape because it will enable new breeds of applications and systems to be developed, and the realm of computing possibilities will be significantly extended. By enhancing everyday objects with intelligence, many tasks and processes could be simplified, the physical spaces where people interact, like workplaces and homes, could become more efficient, safer and more enjoyable. Ubiquitous computing, or pervasive computing, uses these many “smart things” or “u-things” to create smart environments, services and applications. A smart thing can be endowed with different levels of intelligence, and may be c- text-aware, active, interactive, reactive, proactive, assistive, adaptive, automated, sentient, perceptual, cognitive, autonomic and/or thinking. Research on ubiquitous intelligence is an emerging research field covering many disciplines. A series of grand challenges exists to move from the current level of computing services to the smart world of adaptive and intelligent services. Started in 2005, the series of UIC conferences has been held in Taipei, Nagasaki, Three Gorges (China), Hong Kong, Oslo and Brisbane. The proceedings contain the papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing (UIC 2010), held in Xi’an, China, October 26–29, 2010. The conference was accompanied by six vibrant workshops on a variety of research challenges within the area of ubiquitous intelligence and computing.
Information technology, which is exclusively designed to store, process, and transmits information, is known as Information Technology.Computers and Information Technology are an indispensable part of any organization. The first edition of "Advance concept of Information Technology" has been shaped according the needs of current organizational and academic needs This book not only for bachelor’s degree and master’s degree students but also for all those who want to strengthen their knowledge of computers. Furthermore, this book is full to capacity with expert guidance from high-flying IT professionals, in-depth analyses. It presents a detailed functioning of hardware components besides covering the software concepts in detail. An extensive delineate of computer architecture, data representation in the computer, operating systems, database management systems, programming languages, etc. have also been included marvelously in an array .One should use this book to acquire computer literacy in terms of how data is represented in a computer, how hardware devices are integrated to get the desired results, and how the computer works with software and hardware. Features and applications of Information Technology –
This comprehensive collection is a survey of research in object-oriented databases, offering a substantive overview of the field, section introductions, and over 40 research papers presented in their original scope and detail. The balanced selection of articles presents a confluence of ideas from both the language and database research communities that have contributed to the object-oriented paradigm. The editors develop a general definition and model for object-oriented databases and relate significant research efforts to this framework. Further, the collection explores the fundamental notions behind object-oriented databases, semantic data models, implementation of object-oriented systems, transaction processing, interfaces, and related approaches. Research and theory are balanced by applications to CAD systems, programming environments, and office information systems.
This book covers C-Programming focussing on its practical side. Volume 2 deals mainly with composite data structures and their composition. An extensive use of figures and examples help to give a clear description of concepts and help the reader to gain a systematic understanding of the programming language.