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This book discusses the daily life and culture of enslaved Africans and their descendants. Enslaved Africans and their descendants comprised a significant portion of colonial Virginia populations, with most living on rural slave quarters adjacent to the agricultural fields in which they labored. Archaeological excavations into these home sites have provided unique windows into the daily lifeways and culture of these early inhabitants. subfloor pits be-neath the houses. The most common explanations of the functions of these pits are as storage places for personal belongings or root vegetables, and some contextual and ethnohistoric data suggest they may have served as West African-style shrines. Through analysis of 103 subfloor pits dating from the 17th through mid-19th centuries, Samford reveals how data on shape, location, surface area, and depth, as well as contextual analysis of artifact assemblages, can show how subfloor pits functioned for the enslaved. Archaeology reveals the material circumstances of slaves' lives, which in turn opens the door to illuminating other aspects of life: spirituality, symbolic meanings assigned to material goods, social life, individual and group agency, and acts of resistance and accommodation. about how West African, possibly Igbo, cultural traditions were maintained and transformed in the Virginia Chesapeake.
To justify the plundering of today's Democratic Republic of the Congo, U.S. intellectual elites have continuously produced dismissive Congo discourses. Tracing these discourses in great depth and breadth, Johnny Van Hove shows how U.S. intellectuals (and their influential European counterparts) have used the Congo in similar fashions for their own goals. Analyzing intellectuals as diverse as W. E. B. Du Bois, Joseph Conrad, and David Van Reybrouck, the book offers a theorization of Central West Africa, a case study of normalized narratives on the "Other," and a stirring wake-up call for contemporary writers on international history and politics.
Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development demytsifies the theory of gender and development and shows how it plays an important role in everyday life. It explores the evolution of gender and development theory, introduces competing theoretical frameworks, and examines new and emerging debates. The focus is on the implications of theory for policy and practice, and the need to theorize gender and development to create a more egalitarian society. This book is intended for classroom and workshop use in the fields ofdevelopment studies, development theory, gender and development, and women's studies. Its clear and straightforward prose will be appreciated by undergraduate and seasoned professional, alike. Classroom exercises, study questions, activities, and case studies are included. It is designed for use in both formal and nonformal educational settings.
"More than 80 countries around the world still make consensual homosexual sex between adults a crime. More than half have these laws because they used to be British colonies. This report describes the strange afterlife of a colonial legacy. In 1860, British colonizers introduced a new criminal code to occupied India. Section 377 of the code prohibited 'carnal intercourse against the order of nature.' Versions of this Victorian law spread across the British empire. They were imposed to control the colonies, put in place because imperial masters believed that 'native' morals needed 'reform.' They are still in force from Botswana to Bangladesh, from Nigeria to Papua New Guinea, even though the United Nations and international law condemns them. These laws invade privacy and create inequality. They condemn people to outlaw status because of how they look or whom they love. They are used to discredit enemies and destroy careers. They can incite violence and excuse murder. They hand police and others the power to arrest, blackmail and abuse. Today, as a court case in India tries to elimate the original Section 377's repressive force, this report documents their dangerous effects. These holdouts of the British Empire have outlived their time"--Page 4 of cover.