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"The federal government provides assistance aimed at helping people with low-incomes who may earn too little to meet their basic needs, cannot support themselves through work, or who are disadvantaged in other ways. With fiscal pressures facing the federal government and the demands placed on aid programs, GAO was asked to examine federal low-income programs.This report (1) describes federal programs (including tax expenditures) targeted to people with low incomes, (2) identifies the number and selected household characteristics of people in poverty, (3) identifies the number, poverty status, and household characteristics of selected programs' recipients, and (4) examines research on how selected programs may affect incentives to work. For a list of low-income programs that were $100 million in obligations or more in fiscal year 2013, GAO consulted with the Congressional Research Service; surveyed and interviewed officials at relevant federal agencies; and reviewed relevant federal laws, regulations, and agency guidance. GAO also conducted analyses on low-income individuals using Census data on the SPM and official poverty measure and microsimulation data from the Urban Institute that adjusts for under-reporting of benefit receipt in Census survey data. To examine labor force effects, GAO reviewed economic literature. Selected low-income programs were large in dollars and"
The federal government spends billions of dollars every year on domestic food assistance (FA) programs. The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture administers most of these programs and monitors the prevalence of food insecurity -- that is, the percentage of U.S. households that were unable to afford enough food sometime during the year. Other federal agencies also fund FA programs; however, comprehensive and consolidated information on the multiple programs is not readily available. This report examines: (1) the prevalence of food insecurity in the U.S.; (2) spending on FA programs; (3) what is known about the effectiveness of these programs in meeting program goals; and (4) the implications of providing FA through multiple programs and agencies. Illus.
As dissatisfaction with America's educational system has grown, efforts to implement broad, systematic education reform have accelerated. Some experts and local administrators have advocated loosening federal requirements that are thought to potentially impede new or innovative instructional requirements. This report presents information on (1) the major federal requirements that affect school districts, (2) the issues that school districts face in implementing these requirements, and (3) the impact of the U.S. Dept. of Education's flexibility initiatives on school districts' ability to address these implementation issues.