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There are several fault tolerant protocols for managing replicated files in the event of network partitioning due to site or communication link failures. Previously there has been no software simulation of the voting protocols apart from just stochastic modeling. In this paper, we simulate and analyze the throughput of message transfer during the communication. We use various network topologies to compare the parameters such as throughput, no of packets received and sent during voting process .We have analyzed the effects of various packet properties. The analysis provides evidence for the conjecture that the grouping scheme is the optimal algorithm in the context of the voting protocols. We also compare the proposed genetic approach for voting assignment with random algorithm proposed by Akhil Kumar. This comparison shows that genetic voting assignment gives better availability than random algorithm.
Fault tolerance is an approach by which reliability of a computer system can be increased beyond what can be achieved by traditional methods. Comprehensive and self-contained, this book explores the information available on software supported fault tolerance techniques, with a focus on fault tolerance in distributed systems.
The book presents various state-of-the-art approaches for process synchronization in a distributed environment. The range of algorithms discussed in the book starts from token based mutual exclusion algorithms that work on tree based topology. Then there are interesting solutions for more flexible logical topology like a directed graph, with or without cycle. In a completely different approach, one of the chapters presents two recent voting-based DME algorithms. All DME algorithms presented in the book aim to ensure fairness in terms of first come first serve (FCFS) order among equal priority processes. At the same time, the solutions consider the priority of the requesting processes and allocate resource for the earliest request when no such request from a higher priority process is pending.
Replication Techniques in Distributed Systems organizes and surveys the spectrum of replication protocols and systems that achieve high availability by replicating entities in failure-prone distributed computing environments. The entities discussed in this book vary from passive untyped data objects, to typed and complex objects, to processes and messages. Replication Techniques in Distributed Systems contains definitions and introductory material suitable for a beginner, theoretical foundations and algorithms, an annotated bibliography of commercial and experimental prototype systems, as well as short guides to recommended further readings in specialized subtopics. This book can be used as recommended or required reading in graduate courses in academia, as well as a handbook for designers and implementors of systems that must deal with replication issues in distributed systems.
This informative monograph helps meet the challenge of applying distributed control to dynamical systems. It shows readers how to bring the best parts of various control paradigms to bear in making distributed control more flexible and responsive.
Coding Approaches to Fault Tolerance in Combinational and Dynamic Systems describes coding approaches for designing fault-tolerant systems, i.e., systems that exhibit structured redundancy that enables them to distinguish between correct and incorrect results or between valid and invalid states. Since redundancy is expensive and counter-intuitive to the traditional notion of system design, the book focuses on resource-efficient methodologies that avoid excessive use of redundancy by exploiting the algorithmic/dynamic structure of a particular combinational or dynamic system. The first part of Coding Approaches to Fault Tolerance in Combinational and Dynamic Systems focuses on fault-tolerant combinational systems providing a review of von Neumann's classical work on Probabilistic Logics (including some more recent work on noisy gates) and describing the use of arithmetic coding and algorithm-based fault-tolerant schemes in algebraic settings. The second part of the book focuses on fault tolerance in dynamic systems. Coding Approaches to Fault Tolerance in Combinational and Dynamic Systems also discusses how, in a dynamic system setting, one can relax the traditional assumption that the error-correcting mechanism is fault-free by using distributed error correcting mechanisms. The final chapter presents a methodology for fault diagnosis in discrete event systems that are described by Petri net models; coding techniques are used to quickly detect and identify failures. From the Foreword: "Hadjicostis has significantly expanded the setting to processes occurring in more general algebraic and dynamic systems... The book responds to the growing need to handle faults in complex digital chips and complex networked systems, and to consider the effects of faults at the design stage rather than afterwards." George Verghese, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Coding Approaches to Fault Tolerance in Combinational and Dynamic Systems will be of interest to both researchers and practitioners in the area of fault tolerance, systems design and control.
The primary audience for this book are advanced undergraduate students and graduate students. Computer architecture, as it happened in other fields such as electronics, evolved from the small to the large, that is, it left the realm of low-level hardware constructs, and gained new dimensions, as distributed systems became the keyword for system implementation. As such, the system architect, today, assembles pieces of hardware that are at least as large as a computer or a network router or a LAN hub, and assigns pieces of software that are self-contained, such as client or server programs, Java applets or pro tocol modules, to those hardware components. The freedom she/he now has, is tremendously challenging. The problems alas, have increased too. What was before mastered and tested carefully before a fully-fledged mainframe or a closely-coupled computer cluster came out on the market, is today left to the responsibility of computer engineers and scientists invested in the role of system architects, who fulfil this role on behalf of software vendors and in tegrators, add-value system developers, R&D institutes, and final users. As system complexity, size and diversity grow, so increases the probability of in consistency, unreliability, non responsiveness and insecurity, not to mention the management overhead. What System Architects Need to Know The insight such an architect must have includes but goes well beyond, the functional properties of distributed systems.
This book presents the most important fault-tolerant distributed programming abstractions and their associated distributed algorithms, in particular in terms of reliable communication and agreement, which lie at the heart of nearly all distributed applications. These programming abstractions, distributed objects or services, allow software designers and programmers to cope with asynchrony and the most important types of failures such as process crashes, message losses, and malicious behaviors of computing entities, widely known under the term "Byzantine fault-tolerance". The author introduces these notions in an incremental manner, starting from a clear specification, followed by algorithms which are first described intuitively and then proved correct. The book also presents impossibility results in classic distributed computing models, along with strategies, mainly failure detectors and randomization, that allow us to enrich these models. In this sense, the book constitutes an introduction to the science of distributed computing, with applications in all domains of distributed systems, such as cloud computing and blockchains. Each chapter comes with exercises and bibliographic notes to help the reader approach, understand, and master the fascinating field of fault-tolerant distributed computing.