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This book discusses the applications of fracture mechanics in the design and maintenance of asphalt concrete overlays. It provides useful information to help readers understand the effects of different material and loading type parameters on the fracture properties of asphalt concretes. It also reviews relevant numerical and experimental studies, and describes in detail design parameters such as aggregate type, air void, loading mode, and additives, based on the authors experience and that of other researchers.
Internationally, much attention is given to causes, prevention, and rehabilitation of cracking in concrete, flexible, and composite pavements. The Sixth RILEMInternational Conference on Cracking in Pavements (Chicago, June 16-18, 2008) provided a forum for discussion of recent developments and research results.This book is a collection of papers fr
Premature cracking in asphalt pavements and overlays continues to shorten pavement lifecycles and creates significant economic and environmental burden. In response, RILEM Technical Committee TC 241-MCD on Mechanisms of Cracking and Debonding in Asphalt and Composite Pavements has conducted a State-of-the-Art Review (STAR), as detailed in this comprehensive book. Cutting-edge research performed by RILEM members and their international partners is presented, along with summaries of open research questions and recommendations for future research. This book is organized according to the theme areas of TC 241-MCD - i.e., fracture in the asphalt bulk material, interface debonding behaviour, and advanced measurement systems. This STAR is expected to serve as a long term reference for researchers and practitioners, as it contributes to a deeper fundamental understanding of the mechanisms behind cracking and debonding in asphalt concrete and composite pavement systems.
This book presents the latest advances in research to analyze mechanical damage and its detection in multilayer systems. The contents are linked to the Rilem TC241 - MCD scientific activities and the proceedings of the 8th RILEM International Conference on Mechanisms of Cracking and Debonding in Pavements (MCD2016). MCD2016 was hosted by Ifsttar and took place in Nantes, France, on June 7-9, 2016. In their lifetime, pavements undergo degradation due to different mechanisms of which cracking is among the most important ones. The damage and the fracture behavior of all its material layers as well as interfaces must be understood. In that field, the research activities aims to develop a deeper fundamental understanding of the mechanisms responsible for cracking and debonding in asphalt concrete and composite (e.g. asphalt overlays placed on PCC or thin cement concrete overlay placed on asphalt layer) pavement systems.
In this study, various fatigue criteria for indirect tensile (IDT) fatigue tests were evaluated and a new approach to identify the fatigue failure was proposed based on a crack-length criterion. The IDT fatigue tests were conducted to characterize the fatigue behavior of various asphalt mixtures, such as three warm mix asphalt mixtures and a polymer-modified asphalt mixture. During the IDT tests, digital cameras were mounted to monitor crack growth on the both faces of a specimen. Existing three fatigue failure criteria were evaluated regarding to fatigue-crack development. Then, a crack-length limit was proposed as a fatigue criterion. The IDT strength tests were also conducted to determine fracture energy of the mixtures. Based on the new fatigue criterion, a fatigue performance model was constituted with dissipated and fracture energy parameters. The fatigue model proposed in this study successfully predicted the fatigue lives of the mixtures with a high level of accuracy. The main advantage of this fatigue model is that it does not need a transfer function to convert the fatigue life to crack length or area, because fatigue-crack length is directly determined from the crack-length limit.
"Offers comprehensive, authoritative coverage of the chemistry, technology, and engineering of asphaltic products for paving, road construction, roofing, coatings, adhesives, and batteries. Analyzes microcracking and elucidates the mechanisms of degradation to aid the development of hot melt asphalt and increase longevity."
Laboratory assessment of crack resistance and propagation in asphalt concrete is a difficult task that challenges researchers and engineers. Several fracture mechanics based laboratory tests currently exist; however, these tests and subsequent analysis methods rely on elastic behavior assumptions and do not consider the time-dependent nature of asphalt concrete. The C* Line Integral test has shown promise to capture crack resistance and propagation within asphalt concrete. In addition, the fracture mechanics based C* parameter considers the time-dependent creep behavior of the materials. However, previous research was limited and lacked standardized test procedure and detailed data analysis methods were not fully presented. This dissertation describes the development and refinement of the C* Fracture Test (CFT) based on concepts of the C* line integral test. The CFT is a promising test to assess crack propagation and fracture resistance especially in modified mixtures. A detailed CFT test protocol was developed based on a laboratory study of different specimen sizes and test conditions. CFT numerical simulations agreed with laboratory results and indicated that the maximum horizontal tensile stress (Mode I) occurs at the crack tip but diminishes at longer crack lengths when shear stress (Mode II) becomes present. Using CFT test results and the principles of time-temperature superposition, a crack growth rate master curve was successfully developed to describe crack growth over a range of test temperatures. This master curve can be applied to pavement design and analysis to describe crack propagation as a function of traffic conditions and pavement temperatures. Several plant mixtures were subjected to the CFT and results showed differences in resistance to crack propagation, especially when comparing an asphalt rubber mixture to a conventional one. Results indicated that crack propagation is ideally captured within a given range of dynamic modulus values. Crack growth rates and C* prediction models were successfully developed for all unmodified mixtures in the CFT database. These models can be used to predict creep crack propagation and the C* parameter when laboratory testing is not feasible. Finally, a conceptual approach to incorporate crack growth rate and the C* parameter into pavement design and analysis was presented.