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The potential shortage of asphalt cement and over supply of sulfur make it advantageous to reduce the dependence of the paving industry upon asphalt cement while utilizing readily available sulfur. This report presents the results of an investigation of the use of elemental sulfur as a partial replacement and/or extender of asphalt cement in highway paving mixtures. Physical properties of numerous combinations of sulfur-asphalt emulsions were determined. Various aggregates, asphalt cements, and sulfur were tested in a series of laboratory screening tests utilizing nine independent design variables. Characterization tests were performed on selected combinations of aggregate, asphalt and sulfur utilizing three different mixing methods. The resulting relationships between response characteristics, mixture compositions, and design variables were programmed into the Texas FPS-BISTRO and VESYS IIM design programs.
Sulfur-Extended-Asphalt (SEA) binders save asphalt, a potential energy source, by replacing some asphalt in conventional flexible pavement mixes with sulfur. These new binders appear to possess properties comparable to asphalt. The guideline manual provides the highway community in both public and private organizations with the most definitive state-of-the-art guidelines extant for using these binders. Information on design, construction, quality control, equipment, mixing plants, specifications, and safety is included.
This report deals with pavement mixture designs and construction operation of field trials on U.S. 69 north of Lufkin, Texas. The binders used in this field trial consisted of pure asphalt cement for the control sections and 30/70 weight percent of a sulphur/asphalt emulsion as the test binder. All elements of the structural (thickness) design were produced in pairs for comparison purposes with the exception of two thinner sections selected to possibly show distress in two or three years. Otherwise, the thickness designs used in the test sections were those specified by the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation in the conventional section of this highway. Preconstruction laboratory evaluations of mixture properties and field laboratory control measurements are included as a part of this report.
This is a detailed and accessible examination of the properties, behaviour, and uses of sulfur cement and concrete in the construction industry. It discusses the basic properties and behaviour of sulfur cement and concrete materials, evaluates new sulfur market applications, and much more.