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Obesity rates among Native American individuals are greater than any other ethnic group living in the United States. This disparity begins to develop in early childhood, and the excess weight carried by Native American children contributes to health conditions that can affect their quality of life by the time they enter preschool. These children consume less than recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables, a dietary pattern that is related to the development of obesity and other health conditions. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the fruit and vegetable consumption of Native American toddlers between the ages of two and five years old through use of the Information Motivation Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model. Qualitative research with parents of Native American children and key stakeholders in Native American communities first investigated perceptions of knowledge, motivational and behavioral skills related to the fruit and vegetable consumption of Native American toddlers. Findings from the qualitative research was then used to develop an IMB Model-based quantitative assessment tool, which was administered with a fruit and vegetable food frequency questionnaire. From the quantitative phase, it was determined that caregiver fruit and vegetable-related behavioral skills was significantly associated with child fruit and vegetable intake, caregiver fruit and vegetable-related motivation was significantly associated with caregiver fruit and vegetable-related behavioral skills and caregiver fruit and vegetable-related information was significantly associated with caregiver fruit and vegetable-related motivation. Caregiver fruit and vegetable motivation was significantly associated with child fruit and vegetable intake via an indirect pathway and was mediated by caregiver fruit and vegetable-related behavioral skills. The quantitative phase provided validation of the qualitative findings and suggested that the IMB model may serve as a useful aid in developing fruit and vegetable-focused interventions for the Native American population.
"Fostering the Emotional Well-Being of our Youth: A School- Based Approach is an edited work that details best practices in comprehensive school mental health services based upon a dual-factor model of mental health that considers both psychological wellness and mental illness. In the introduction the editors respond to the question: Are our students all right? Then, each of the text's 24 chapters (five sections) describes empirically sound and practical ways that professionals can foster supportive school climates and implement evidence-based universal interventions to promote well-being and prevent and reduce mental health problems in young people. Topics include: conceptualizing and framing youth mental health through a dual-factor model; building culturally responsive schools; implementing positive behavior interventions and supports; inculcating social-emotional learning within schools impacted by trauma; creating a multidisciplinary approach to foster a positive school culture and promote students' mental health; preventing school violence and advancing school safety; cultivating student engagement and connectedness; creating resilient classrooms and schools; strengthening preschool, childcare and parenting practices; building family-school partnerships; promoting physical activity, nutrition, and sleep; teaching emotional self-regulation; promoting students' positive emotions, character and purpose; building a foundation for trauma-informed schools; preventing bullying; supporting highly mobile students; enfranchising socially marginalized students; preventing school failure and school dropout; providing evidence-based supports in the aftermath of a crisis; raising the emotional well-being of students with anxiety and depression; implementing state-wide practices that promote student wellness and resilience; screening for academic, behavioral, and emotional health; and accessing targeted and intensive mental health services"--
There is no doubt that daily habits and actions exert a profound health impact. The fact that nutritional practices, level of physical activity, weight management, and other behaviors play key roles both in the prevention and treatment of most metabolic diseases has been recognized by their incorporation into virtually every evidence-based medical guideline. Despite this widespread recognition, physicians and other healthcare workers often cannot find a definitive and comprehensive source of information on all of these areas. Designed for physicians and other health care workers, Lifestyle Medicine, Second Edition brings together evidence-based research in multiple health-related fields to assist practitioners both in treating disease and promoting good health. Sections cover nutrition and exercise, behavioral psychology, public policy, and management of a range of disorders, including cardiovascular disease, endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, obesity, cancer, immunology and infectious diseases, pulmonary disorders, and many more.
In January 2020, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), The Food Trust, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Healthy Eating Research (HER) met for a Healthy Retail Research Convention in Washington, D.C. Attendees included food industry representatives, researchers, and nonprofit organizations. The objective of the convention was to develop a national healthy retail research agenda by (1) determining the effectiveness of government policies, corporate practices, and in-store pilots in promoting healthy eating; (2) identifying gaps in the healthy food retail literature and generating questions for future research, with an intentional focus on reducing health disparities and improving equity; (3) highlighting best practices for partnering with retailers and food manufacturers on healthy retail research; (4) facilitating relationships between retailers and researchers to implement and evaluate retail interventions; and (5) identifying existing datasets, ongoing work, and new opportunities for retail–research partnerships.
Health-related behaviours play positive or negative roles in people’s health. For instance, health risk behaviours, such as sedentary behaviours (e.g., binge-watching TV and playing computer games), the use of alcohol, tobacco, or other substances, and lack of sleep, have been found to negatively affect the physical and mental health of people. On the other hand, some studies show that health-promoting behaviours, such as physical activity and healthy dietary habits, can mitigate or reverse the negative effects of health risk behaviours on health outcomes. In the meantime, some studies indicate that the harmful effects of some health risk behaviours may not be mitigated by health-promoting behaviours. For instance, some studies show that sedentary behaviours and physical activity are independently associated with some physical and mental health outcomes; interventions to increase physical activity with and without decreasing sedentary time lead to different health outcomes. Clearly more research is needed to show the interaction between health-promoting behaviours and health risk behaviours in health, which could shed light on the management of health-related behaviours.
A new book in the acclaimed Nutrition Society Textbook Series, Nutrition Research Methodologies addresses the rapidly advancing field of nutrition research. It covers the diverse methodologies required for robust nutritional research to ensure thorough understanding of key concepts, both for students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels and for scientists working in nutrition research. Combining theory with practical application, Nutrition Research Methodologies addresses both traditional research methods and new technologies, and focuses on a range of complex topics, including energy compensation, nutrient-gene interactions and metabolic adaptation. It also considers statistical issues as well as application of data to policy development. Provides the reader with the required scientific basics of nutrition research in the context of a systems and health approach Written specifically to meet the needs of individuals involved in nutrition research Combines the viewpoints of world-leading nutrition experts from academia and research with practical applications Accompanied by a companion website with a range of self-assessment material (www.wiley.com/go/lovegrove/nutritionresearch)
Combining the latest thinking in the field with practical, step-by-step guidance, the Third Edition of John W. Creswell and Vicki L. Plano Clark’s Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research now includes seven mixed methods designs with accompanying journal articles illustrating each design. The authors walk readers through the entire research process and present updated examples from published mixed methods studies drawn from multiple disciplines. In addition, this new edition includes information about the dynamic and evolving nature of the field of mixed methods research, four additional methodological approaches, and coverage of new directions in mixed methods.
Indigenous Food Systems addresses the disproportionate levels of food-related health disparities among First Nations, Métis, and Inuit people in Canada, seeking solutions to food insecurity and promoting well-being for current and future generations of Indigenous people. Through research and case studies, Indigenous and non-Indigenous food scholars and community practitioners explore salient features, practices, and contemporary challenges of Indigenous food systems across Canada. Highlighting Indigenous communities’ voices, the contributing authors document collaborative initiatives between Indigenous communities, organizations, and non-Indigenous allies to counteract the colonial and ecologically destructive monopolization of food systems. This timely and engaging collection celebrates strategies to revitalize Indigenous food systems, such as achieving cultural resurgence and food sovereignty; sharing and mobilizing diverse knowledges and voices; and reviewing and reformulating existing policies, research, and programs to improve the health, well-being, and food security of Indigenous and Canadian populations. Indigenous Food Systems is a critical resource for students in Indigenous studies, public health, anthropology, and the social sciences as well as a vital reader for policymakers, researchers, and community practitioners.
Technology and Adolescent Health: In Schools and Beyond discusses how today's adolescents are digital natives, using technology at home and in school to access information, for entertainment, to socialize and do schoolwork. This book summarizes research on how technology use impacts adolescent mental health, sleep, physical activity and eating habits. In addition, it identifies monitoring and screening technology-based tools for use with adolescents. Summarizes the effects of digital technology use on adolescent mental health Advises on best practices for adolescent technology use in home and schools Identifies digital tools to monitor adolescent health Includes effects on sleep, addiction, socialization, eating and exercise habits Provides both the positive and negative consequences of technology use
Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.