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This book is presented primarily to record the papers of the Conference on the Exploding Wire Phenomenon conducted by the Air Force Cambridge Research Center in Boston, Massachusetts, on April 2 and 3, 1959. A second and scarcely less important purpose of this book is to serve as a monograph on exploding wires. Nowhere in any language is there a book, or for that matter a section of a book, on electrical wire explosions. The growing interest in and import ance of the phenomenon was indicated by the very gratifying re sponse to the Confe: rence invitations. We hope this book, reaching an even larger audience, will fill a gap in the literature as well as serve as a record of the Conference. A logical arrangement of the papers was extremely difficult to accomplish. On whatever basis they were classified, most papers could have been equally well placed in more than one category. This difficulty was solved by arranging them in three broad classes. If this book is to serve as a monograph, some gene: ral back ground in the exploding wire phenomenon (EWP) is needed. The Introduction was written to serve this purpose. It is, of course, impossible to thank all those without whose help the Conference and this book would not have been possible.
"To investigate the application of exploding wires as fuses for the proposed Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 2-megajoule Project Sherwood capacitor bank, a 49.5-kilojoule capacitor discharge system was established at Sandia Corporation."--P. 3.
The experimental apparatus and techniques for studying exploding wires by means of a cable discharge system are described. The cable discharge system is shown to have the advantages of more accurate and easier interpretation of results and more accurate and easier instrumentation than the more commonly used capacitor discharge systems.
A survey of the electrical behavior of various metals exploded by a cable discharge system at a current density of approximately 4 x 107 amp/cm2 is described. Resistance versus inertia and resistance versus energy curves are presented for 17 pure metals and a number of alloys. The electrical behavior of gold alloys as a function of the percentage composition is discussed.
Equations for initial heating rate, resistance rise, power input and energy input for exploding wires are derived from elementary physical principles. The theory ib expected to be valid for an interval beginning at switch-on and ending sometime before the wire expands. Comparisons are made between different wires and pairs of elements are identified which may show similar explosion histories. (Author).
Numerous experiments with electrically exploded wires are described.The results include time-resolved measurements of electrical energy, power, voltage, and current during * the discharge; periodic still and high-speed photographs of the entire explosion process; integrated and time-resolved measurements of the intensity and spectral distribution of the radiation emitted; and time-resolved absorption spectra from the products of the discharge, with emphasis on observations of the spectrum of the AlO molecule.The apparatus, instrumentation, and fast-measurement techniques developed in order to permit these direct experimental observations and measurements, under the extreme and transient conditions of the explosive discharge, are also described.Results from calculations of the composition, entropy, enthalpy, and density of the explosion mixture are given.(Author).
This volume contains the proceedings of the Second Conference on the Exploding Wire Phenomenon. In addition to the general theory of exploding wires, this conference considered exploding wire shock waves; the generation by exploding wires of extreme tem peratures, X-rays, and very high pressures; instrumentationprob lems in wire explosions; and, for the first time, exploding foils. Sponsored by the Geophysics Research Directorate ofthe Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, this symposium was held in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 13 and 14, 1961. To fill a definite need for ready access to information, Volume Two of Exploding Wires contains a comprehensive index which should facilitate the use of both volumes on the exploding wire phenomenon. It is not possible to express full appreciation to all those whose generous assistance made the Second Conference and this volume possible. It is certain, however, that without the cooperation of Dr. John N. Howard, Laboratory Chief, and Mr. Morton A. Levine, Branch Chief, there could have been no conference. Special ac knowledgment goes to the Staff of the Hydromagnetics Laboratory for its invaluable aid: to Mrs. William Watson for exceptional secretarial work; to Mr. E. H. Cullington for technical assistance; to Mr. C. V. Fish for drawings, graphs, and art work; and to Mr. K. R. Saari for photography. Particular gratitude is due to Mr.
The report presents an idea for the uniform description of phenomena associated with electrical explosion of wires and electric fuses, based upon the fact of disintegration of wires into parts with definite spacing. In particular, observations concerned with pre-arcing energy, cutoff currents, peak voltages, and current pause are explained.