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This book highlights very clearly about corporate governance, practices, failures in different countries, laws, and frameworks, and corporate social responsibility, which helps the focused and broader audience in a better way to understand the above-said aspects. I strongly believe that this book provides ample knowledge to the readers.
GAO reviewed the process used by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to select individual tax returns for audit. GAO found that most tax returns are selected for audit by a computer or a person other than the examiners who will audit them, and procedures generally protect the taxpayer against abuse. At district offices, most returns are selected because they have good audit potential. About 70 percent of returns audited by district offices are selected by a two-stage system. Returns are first scored as to their audit potential by a computer using sophisticated mathematical formulas. The highest scored returns are then manually screened to determine if an audit is warranted, and, in most cases, what items of income and deductions should be examined. Examiners can sometimes request returns for audit without having to explain why they need them. Overpayers are less likely to have their returns audited than those who underpay. Not enough is known about why taxpayers do or do not comply with the tax laws.
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Law - Tax / Fiscal Law, grade: 3.5, University of Nigeria, language: English, abstract: In Nigeria, the need to improve voluntary payment of taxes or voluntary tax compliance has resulted in the various tax reform attempts by various successive governments. Suffice to mention that these reforms have not been able to stimulate the expected increase in tax revenue over the years, and this has snowballed into an unarguable tax gap as revealed in the share of income taxes in total revenue profile of the country. This poor tax compliance behavior often referred to in the literature as the “compliance puzzle” is a challenging experience across countries but suspected to be more critical in developing economies. In modeling tax compliance, the answer under the traditional theory of compliance is fear of detection and punishment. However, this model has been found to be inadequate in explaining the motives and intentions for tax compliance. The argument is that tax compliance may be subdivided into compliance resulting from enforcements or influence of tax authorities and voluntary compliance. This leads to a logical question which interestingly extends the compliance issue; what would lead citizens to behave more honestly, provide correct information and improve the tax compliance rate voluntarily? One answer to this question is the existence of an intrinsic motivation to pay taxes, which have been sometimes called, “tax morale”. Tax morale has evolved as an instrumental component in understanding voluntary tax compliance using a more integrated approach with a bias for non-economic factors. This study argues that the citizens’ perception of government accountability is an instrumental factor that shapes the emergence and maintenance of tax morale resulting in voluntary tax compliance. The underlining framework is that there is a social contract that defines the relationship between the government and the governed.
Generally speaking, the losing party is more interested than the winning party in understanding the reasons for the outcome of the proceeding. And yet, the requirement that, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the award “shall state the reasons upon which it is based” is a widely recognized principle in international arbitration. The rules of most arbitral institutions also require that an award include reasons. This Institute Dossier addresses reasoning in International Commercial and Investment Arbitration Awards: Should an arbitrator state his reasons? Why? How extensive and/or complete must the reasoning be for the process to be fully comprehensible and thus legitimate to the parties? What may be the consequences of an unsatisfactory reasoning? Readers will get useful insights into the legal reasoning process by accessing data from a recent large-scale empirical study of legal reasoning in commercial disputes. They will also be treated to some creative writing tips in the hope that reading an award becomes a more interesting part of the job. The ICC Institute of World Business Law brings together the finest legal minds to strengthen links between international business practitioners and the legal profession. The Institute ‘Dossiers’ is a series that has gained international prestige. These Dossiers are the outcome of the Institute’s annual meetings, where experts from around the globe come together to discuss salient issues of international commercial law and arbitration. An ICC Services publication, distributed by Kluwer Law International.
Why self-regulation? With the advent of such concepts as design for the environment, industrial ecology, and the recognized enlightened self-interest that voluntary compliance brings, it is in any company's best interest to avoid fines, liabilities, and bad publicity. Consumer concern and pressure from the marketplace give a competitive advantage t
Widespread voluntary tax compliance plays a significant role in countries’ efforts to raise the revenues necessary to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. As part of this process, governments are increasingly reaching out to taxpayers – current and future – to teach, communicate and assist them in order to foster a “culture of compliance” based on rights and responsibilities, in which citizens see paying taxes as an integral aspect of their relationship with their government.
This timely text provides a concise and readable assessment of the dynamics, character and consequences of opposition to European integration at all levels from elites and governments through parties and the media to voters and grass roots organizations.
This book explores how and why the transposition of EU directives in the new and contentious policy area ‘Business and Human Rights’ differs between member states. It reveals the extent to which individual member states are pursuing diverging approaches in dealing with the ‘discretionary space’ in EU directives, and highlights theoretical and political explanations. Drawing on historical institutionalism and rational choice institutionalism, the book establishes a link between the degree of corporatism in a given political economy and government behaviour in terms of Business and Human Rights policy. Moreover, it identifies political salience within the policy subsystem as a pertinent factor for explaining national transposition outcomes.