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A large volume of data of these cross sections are required for solving problems of radiological physics and dosimetry, as well as for detailed analysis of the earliest stage of radiation actions on matter (including the biological cell and substances constituting it). Current experimental data of the cross sections are far from being complete or even satisfactory for tentative applications. One practical approach to the cross-section determination is to test experimental data with general criteria. For example, the Bethe theory indicates a close connection between photoabsorption and energy absorption by glancing collisions. Development and use of these data constraints, first put forth by Platzman, can now be demonstrated in many examples. More recent studies concern the determination of the analytic expression most suitable for fitting the data on the oscillator-strength distribution or the energy distribution of secondary electrons from ionizing collisions of charged particles. There are three areas to which major efforts should be directed. First, methods of absolute cross-section measurements both for electron and ionic collisions must be thoroughly reviewed so that sources of systematic errors may be identified and corrected. Second, efforts should be devoted to the understanding of the data systematics, viz., the trends of cross sections for a series of molecules. Finally, electron and ionic collisions with molecules in condensed phases will be an important topic of study for years to come; initial reports on efforts toward this direction are encouraging. 46 refs.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Applications of Nuclear and Radiochemistry is a collection of articles focusing on contemporary applied research on radioactive isotopes. The monograph is based on the Second Chemical Congress of the North American Continent, held at Las Vegas, Nevada in August 1980. The book contains articles on developments in nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry, emphasizing the topic of radiopharmaceutical chemistry. The text is composed of two parts, wherein the first part is comprised of papers dealing with advances in the production of radionuclides for nuclear medicine, in the synthesis of labeled pharmaceuticals, and in the design and use of specific diagnostic agents. These sections cover research areas on machines used for research, such as compact accelerators, positron emission, and single photon tomographs. Emphasis is given to the radiochemistry and design of radiopharmaceuticals for receptor studies and for determining physiological function and metabolism of the brain, heart, and tumors. The second part examines contemporary advances including the impact of radiochemistry in China pertaining to the fallout from Chinese nuclear tests. This part also contains a section covering a list of uncommon topics. The text is of interest to nuclear scientists, academicians in the field of radiology and radiochemistry, researchers in nuclear medicine, nuclear engineers, and environmental researchers.