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During the 1990s, Mexico registered a series of important changes in several areas. On one hand, trade liberalization was initiated and the country entered an accelerated process of integration into global markets and changes in the structure of production. On the other hand, an accelerated process of democratization of the country and, after seven decades in power, the political party that had maintained his hegemony, lost the election. How did the standard of living during this period change? This article examines the evolution of poverty in Mexico precisely during the 1990s.
The plight of the urban poor in Mexico has changed little since World War II, despite the country's impressive rate of economic growth. Susan Eckstein considers how market forces and state policies that were ostensibly designed to help the poor have served to maintain their poverty. She draws on intensive research in a center city slum, a squatter settlement, and a low-cost housing development. Originally published in 1977. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
This new and timely book deals with the magnitude and the intensity of the poverty in Latin America, Mexico and the state of Nuevo Leon. The enormous and chronic social problems of poverty in 1970 struck approximately 40 per cent of the families of Latin America or 119 million people. In 1990, of 423,913,043 habitants of Latin America, 46 per cent were living in poverty, that is to say, 195 million people were suffering this calamity (CEPAL). According to the same CEPAL, in 2002 44 per cent of the population of Latin America was poor, whereas 19.40 per cent were living in extreme poverty, indigence or misery. Seen in another way, the poverty in Latin America increased in that period of 20 years, from 1970 to 1990, 38.97 per cent. At the moment, in Latin America there are 225 million poor people. This book is an essential reference to a problem which the world must, if for no other reason than necessity, deal with in a vigorous and just manner.
La situación de los jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan (ninis) se ha vuelto notable en los últimos años debido a los posibles riesgos que enfrenta esta población. Este estudio analiza su composición, dinámica social, estado de pobreza, así como sus características individuales y familiares. Los ninis son en su mayoría mujeres que se dedican al hogar y viven en condiciones de mayor pobreza que los no ninis. El número de ninis observa una tendencia a la baja que se mantendrá debido al aumento de la proporción de mujeres que continúa sus estudios y acceden al mercado laboral. Sin embargo, una mayor proporción de ninis estará compuesta por desempleados para los cuales es importante preever programas de atención. In the last few years, the phenomenon of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) in Mexico has come to the forefront due to the risks related to this situation. This paper analyzes their composition, its dynamics, poverty patterns, and individual and family characteristics. Most of NEET youngsters are women performing household tasks, and live in conditions of high poverty. The number and proportion of NEET have been going down in the last few decades and it is expected this trajectory will continue because it is driven by an increase in the proportion of women who continue studying and join the labor force. However, a higher proportion will correspond to unemployment which will be important to foreseeable public programs.
PROGRESA is one of the Mexican government's major programs aimed at developing the human capital of poor households. In early 1998, IFPRI was asked to assist Mexico's government to determine if PROGRESA was functioning as it was intended to. This research report synthesizes IFPRI's findings about PROGRESA's impact and operation. The majority of IFPRI's findings suggest that PROGRESA's combination of education, health, and nutrition interventions into one integrated package has had a significant positive impact on the welfare and human capital of poor rural families. The report will interest researchers, policymakers, and advisers seeking a better sense of the basic elements of a program that can be effective in alleviating poverty in the short and long run.
The plight of the urban poor in Mexico has changed little since World War II, despite the country's impressive rate of economic growth. Susan Eckstein considers how market forces and state policies that were ostensibly designed to help the poor have served to maintain their poverty. She draws on intensive research in a center city slum, a squatter settlement, and a low-cost housing development. Originally published in 1989. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
"Examination of problems faced by working-class families in Guadalajara. Bringing women and children to the center of her analysis, the author explores the effects of an uneven labor market on the structure and organization of households, revealing a highly homogenous working class, united in its survival instinct and in its dependence upon the women of the family for the defense of its standards of living"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.