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This CSIS report examines the evolution of European military capabilities over the next decade. It asks two main questions. What military capabilities might European allies and partners of the United States possess by 2030? And what types of military missions will these states be able (and unable) to effectively perform by 2030? First, European militaries—including the largest and most capable European NATO members—will continue to struggle to conduct several types of missions without significant U.S. assistance. Second, European militaries will face significant challenges in the Indo-Pacific. Third, Europe’s major powers will likely have the capability to conduct most types of missions at the lower end of the conflict continuum without significant U.S. military aid. To sustain progress and overcome remaining challenges, NATO will have to revise its burden-sharing metrics, modernize defense planning and procurement practices, and address lagging political will.
In recent decades, a remarkable degree of strategic mobility and military reach, significant social and human capital, and an advanced industrial and scientific base have endowed the European Union with capable and effective armed forces. However, as centuries of European (or Western) dominance are currently giving way to a more multipolar and less governable world system, protecting common "strategic interests" without adequate military capabilities may become ever more difficult. Although Europeans remain relatively well-equipped to mobilise the tools needed to tackle potential threats, within the EU there is limited awareness or recognition of the emerging challenges, a basic disinterest in strategic matters, and relatively few voices calling for effective and sustainable armed forces. In addition, the European political and institutional landscape regarding defence and military matters is extremely segmented. It is in this context that this report seeks to place European military capabilities in a broader perspective and highlight potential avenues for exploration and development over the next decade.
In this follow-on report to Europe's High-End Military Challenges: The Future of European Capabilities and Missions, the CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program and International Security Program examine the other side of the coin of European military effectiveness: the political will of European countries to conduct military missions and operations. The report identifies the endogenous and exogenous factors constraining or increasing political will and maps them onto six country case studies. Four prototypes of political will emerged from the analysis: global partners, international activists, constrained partners, and minimalists. The report then assesses the political will of European allies and partners to conduct fifteen types of military missions and operations worldwide, from peacekeeping to large-scale combat. It concludes with a summary of key findings. First, it finds that internal and external factors—such as strategic culture and alliance dependence, respectively—will continue to constrain European political will in many cases, even after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Second, European states are more likely to have the political will to engage in military missions at the lower end of the conflict spectrum (such as maritime patrol missions) and less likely at the higher ends of the spectrum, except in cases of significant collective or national defense.
The armed forces of Europe have undergone a dramatic transformation since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Handbook of European Defence Policies and Armed Forces provides the first comprehensive analysis of national security and defence policies, strategies, doctrines, capabilities, and military operations, as well as the alliances and partnerships of European armed forces in response to the security challenges Europe has faced since the end of the cold war. A truly cross-European comparison of the evolution of national defence policies and armed forces remains a notable blind spot in the existing literature. The Handbook of European Defence Policies and Armed Forces aims to fill this gap with fifty-one contributions on European defence and international security from around the world. The six parts focus on: country-based assessments of the evolution of the national defence policies of Europe's major, medium, and lesser powers since the end of the cold war; the alliances and security partnerships developed by European states to cooperate in the provision of national security; the security challenges faced by European states and their armed forces, ranging from interstate through intra-state and transnational; the national security strategies and doctrines developed in response to these challenges; the military capabilities, and the underlying defence and technological industrial base, brought to bear to support national strategies and doctrines; and, finally, the national or multilateral military operations by European armed forces. The contributions to The Handbook collectively demonstrate the fruitfulness of giving analytical precedence back to the comparative study of national defence policies and armed forces across Europe.
In the coming decade, NATO faces growing fiscal austerity and declining defense budgets. This study analyzes the impact of planned defense budget cuts on the capabilities of seven European members of NATO: the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and Poland. The authors assess the implications of the cuts for NATO capabilities and strategy and for U.S. policy.
A central point of controversy among both academics and policymakers is the nature and significance of security in the post-Cold War world. Engaging that discussion, this collection explores the new security challenges facing Europe.
After a period of stability, the transatlantic community is facing considerable challenges in maintaining European security. Russia's efforts to destabilize Europe, terrorism, climate change, energy insecurity, migration, fracturing European identity, and the reemergence of nationalist populism challenge the ability of European institutions to perform their central functions. Different visions for Europe's future and the lack of a shared threat perception add to these dilemmas. The U.S. military can help to shape these "friendly force dilemmas" by influencing European actors and institutions, promoting positive change through the U.S. interagency, and providing capabilities to tackle the theater-specific challenges. Related products: Augmenting Our Influence: Alliance Revitalization and Partner Development available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/augmenting-our-influence-alliance-revitalization-and-partner-development Harold Brown: Offsetting the Soviet Military Challenge, 1977-1981 available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/harold-brown-offsetting-soviet-military-challenge-1977-1981 European Missile Defense and Russia available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/european-missile-defense-and-russia International & Foreign Affairs resources collection is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/international-foreign-affairs

CSDP

Institut d'études de sécurité (Paryż).

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 76


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Improving Europe's military and civilian capabilities in a shifting security environment represents a major challenge for the EU and its member states. For one thing, European countries are having to contend with a climate of economic austerity that makes arguments in favour of investment in defence less convincing than they may (or may not) have been in more affluent times; second, broader geopolitical and strategic trends point towards Europeans assuming greater responsibility for their own security and the protection of European interests abroad; finally, the changing nature of conflict and projections concerning the coming decades call for a recalibration of the EU's approach and appropriate instruments for its engagement in conflicts in its neighbourhood and beyond.
This edited collection is a timely and in-depth analysis of the EU’s efforts to bring coherency and strategy to its security policy actions. Despite a special European Council summit in December 2013 on defence, it is generally acknowledged that fifteen years since its inception the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) has yet to acquire a clear sense of purpose. This book investigates those areas where the EU has established actorness in the security and defence field and asks whether they might constitute the elements of an emergent more coherent EU strategy on security. Taking a critical view, the contributors map the EU’s strategic vision(s) across particular key regions where the EU has been active as a security actor, the strategic challenges that it has pinpointed alongside the opportunities and barriers posed by a multiplicity of actors, interests and priorities identified by both member states and EU actors. By doing this we demonstrate where gaps in strategic thinking lie, where the EU has been unable to achieve its aims, and offer recommendations concerning the EU’s future strategic direction. This book will be of much interest to students of European security, EU policy, strategic studies and IR in general.
Document from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1, Anglia Ruskin University, language: English, abstract: This work examines the strategic options for companies in the European defence sector, taking into account the drastic changes the industry will be faced with in the coming years. It explores the players in the market, assesses their market position in their respective national industry and forecasts their potential position in a common European defence market. It explores duplication and absence of armaments and technological skills as well as the reasons for them. The paper suggests strategies to overcome the aforementioned market distortions and provides options for companies to deal with the situation favourably. Moreover, it explores the U.S. defence industry, which was confronted with severe market changes after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The research relied mainly on data issued by European Union institutions, strategic research institutions, company annual reports, international organizations such as NATO, and financial newspapers in order to cover recent events. Data was analyzed using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and other mainly comparative ratios in order to collate markets, companies, and structures. The work provides an empirical analysis of market conditions that shows that European national defence markets are highly concentrated, whereas the U.S. market is unconcentrated. It illustrates reasons for this condition and presents ways to change the concentration in the market. The research contributes towards the rather low number of studies that have been conducted in the field of European armaments. It provides a foundation for potential supplementary studies that could be concerned with an assessment of the effectiveness of legal and other initiatives used to streamline the European defence industry. Keywords – Armaments, Market structure, Defence sector, European Union