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This book provides an in-depth analysis of EU-Tunisia negotiations during the last three decades to understand what ‘joint ownership’ means in Euro-Mediterranean relations. The principle of joint ownership often figures in the EU’s public discourse of the EU and other international actors. Yet, it has been scarcely conceptualised and there is little research on which factors determine its presence or lack thereof. The book contributes to its definition, highlighting its evolving nature and intersubjective dimension. The author further explains how bargaining rules, practices, and procedures affect joint ownership by constraining or empowering actors, and shaping their expectations about which options they perceive are possible during the negotiations. Negotiation analysis proves useful for showing how, and to what extent, the interests of both sides eventually feature in Euro-Mediterranean agreements and enables scholars to bring back third countries' agency and perceptions into the study of the EU's external relations.
Examines how rising economic integration with Europe impacts Tunisia and Morocco.
This book is concerned with EU democracy promotion inside Tunisia, the first Arab signatory of an Association Agreement with the EU. Focusing on the content, context, mechanisms, and outcomes of democratization via association, the authors examine whether Tunisia’s specific mode of democratization works in tandem with EU democracy promotion objectives, and the extent to which both adapt association in a way that neither sabotages EU democracy promotion nor undermines Tunisia’s specificity. Drawing on Arabic, English and French sources, the book deploys a variety of methods and disciplinary approaches - discourse analysis, interviews, democratization theory, foreign policy analysis, security studies, political history, nationalism and identity – and takes an interpretivist perspective, conceiving of political processes as fluid and tentative. The first comprehensive study of the effects of the Union’s Mediterranean democracy promotion strategy on a single recipient state, this book will be relevant to students of Middle East politics, European foreign policy, Euro-Mediterranean studies, democratization theory, and Euro-Arab relations, this book will also be of great interest to researchers, academics and policy-makers.
This book investigates how the externalisation of EU migration policies is implemented in Tunisia after the fall of the Ben Ali regime in 2011 through the involvement of civil society organisations. The ‘democratic transition’ initiated by the Tunisian Revolution led to the emergence of a ‘vibrant civil society’ as a new actor in the implementation of migration policies. In a country where migration issues are highly politicised and have strongly entered the public space, civil society is now included in the EU-Tunisia negotiation process and is assigned the role of an intermediary for the implementation of controversial European policies related to sedentarisation of the Tunisian population and to the construction of Tunisia as a ‘country of destination’. The volume concludes by suggesting an alternative way of thinking about migrant struggles challenging the European border regime as ‘uncivil society’ struggles.
This paper examines the economic and financial linkages between Morocco and Tunisia and their European partners. Using structural vector autoregressions, we find that growth shocks in European partner countries generate significant responses on growth in Morocco and Tunisia. For Tunisia, exports and, to a much lesser extent, tourism appear to be the major transmission channels. In Morocco, exports, remittances and tourism play relatively equal roles. An analysis with sectoral data supports these results.
Tunisia’s reliance on European countries for export earnings, tourism, remittances, and foreign direct investment inflows has remained high over the last decades. Remittances and tourism receipts have been broadly stable in percent of GDP, with somewhat more fluctuations in the latter caused in part by identifiable political events that harmed tourism in the region. Tunisia’s annual growth rate appears to have become increasingly synchronized over time with the annual growth rate of its main European trading partners.
This book analyses how the EU’s external policies are implemented in the domestic context of the recipient countries, in this case Tunisia and Morocco. By departing from the analysis of local actors- it explains the factors that in terms of obstacles and facilitating conditions affect implementation on the ground.
A concise history of the country of Tunisia.
This book explores the transformation of the Tunisian space of mobility after the Arab Uprisings, looking at the country’s emerging profile as a migratory “destination” and focusing on refugees from Syria, Libya, and Sub-Saharan countries; Tunisian migrants in Europe who return home; and young undocumented European migrants living in Tunis. This work engages with and contributes to the broader conversation on the migrations-crisis nexus, by retracing the geographies of mobility which are reshaping the Mediterranean region.