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Substances used to suppress, eradicate and prevent organisms that are considered harmful are grouped under the term ‘pesticide’. The term includes both plant protection products (used on plants in agriculture, horticulture, parks and gardens) and biocidal products (used in other applications, for example, as a disinfectant or to protect materials). Pesticides can be useful in a number of circumstances, for example, in overcoming diseases and increasing agricultural yields. However, they are not without their disadvantages - above all, their environmental impact, the risks that they pose to human health and their effects on crop protection. European Union pesticide legislation is designed to ensure a high level of protection for human health and the environment and to improve the functioning of the internal market. Plant production products and biocides are subject to a dual approval process: active substances are approved at EU level and products are subsequently authorised predominantly at Member State level. Furthermore, standardised maximum levels are set for the residues of plant protection products in food, and a framework for action is focused on sustainable pesticide use. A number of aspects of European Union policy on pesticides can be considered as either opportunities or challenges, in particular, issues surrounding costs for the industry, the approval process, and sustainability. The Commission is currently assessing the legislation on plant protection products and their residues. The conclusions of that study are expected by the end of 2018.
This book explores the regulation of pesticides in the European Union in order to reveal the complex, controversial, and contested nature of an assessment system proudly declared by the EU to be ‘the strictest in the world’. The current regulatory framework is based on Regulation 1107/2009, which substantially reformed the previous system. The analysis describes the new criteria and procedures for the authorization of active substances to be used in the production of pesticides, traces the lengthy policy formulation process, and identifies factors that made policy change possible. Further, the book illustrates the current controversies that characterise the implementation of Regulation 1107/2009: the ban of pesticides harmful to pollinators, the renewal of the authorization of glyphosate, and the definition of criteria for the assessment of endocrine disruption. The author provides information on policy outcomes and highlights persisting shortcomings in the enforcement of EU regulation. This book will appeal to students and scholars from a variety of disciplines, including political science, political sociology, and public policy.
This book critically examines the development and current structure of European Union agri-environmental measures at a substantive level. Examining the measures in an integrated manner, showing how they interrelate linking different aspects of European Union agricultural law and policy, this volume examines the legislation adopted at European Union level as well as the impact of particular national measures to implement that legislation. Where appropriate, comparisons are drawn between the manner in which European Union legislation has been implemented among various Member States. Critically assessing European Union and national measures, in the light of other policy pressures such as the influence of world trade agreements and the political pressures exerted by the agricultural sector within the national legal systems of individual Member States, this volume is a valuable resource for academics researching and practitioners working in the areas of European Union environmental and agricultural law.
Consumer and environmental protection depend on the careful regulation of all classes of chemicals. Toxicology is the key science used to evaluate safety and so underpins regulatory decisions on chemicals. With the growing body of EU legislation involved in chemical regulation, there is a concomitant need to understand the toxicological principles underlying safety assessments Regulatory Toxicology in the European Union is the first book to cover regulatory toxicology specifically in Europe. It addresses the need for a wider understanding of the principles of regulatory toxicology and their application and presents the relationship between toxicology and legislative processes in regulating chemical commodities across Europe. This title has a broad scope, covering historical and current chemical regulation in Europe, the role of European agencies and institutions, and also the use of toxicology data for important classes of chemicals, including human and veterinary medicines, animal feed and food additives, biocides, pesticides and nanomaterials. This book is therefore extremely pertinent and timely in the toxicology field at present. This book is an essential reference for regulatory authorities, industrialists, academics, undergraduates and postgraduates working within safety and hazards, toxicology, the biological sciences, and the medicinal and pharmaceutical sciences across the European Union.
Information on the use of pesticide active substances in the EU is needed to estimate their overall and cumulative impact on ecosystems and human health. The application of pesticides is strictly controlled by Community legislation since 1991. Policy control measures in the EU are driven by the objectives of protecting human health and the environment (consumers, operator safety, protection of water quality and biodiversity). In 2009, the Sustainable Use Directive (Directive 2009/128/EC) established a framework to achieve a sustainable use of pesticides by reducing the risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and the environment. The same year, Regulation (EC) 1185/2009 on pesticide statistics was adopted, covering collections of statistics on pesticide active substances' use and placing on the market (sales). The data on annual pesticides sales is available in EUROSTAT's public dissemination database. However, due to a lack of harmonization in the national surveys collecting pesticide use statistics, the use data cannot be aggregated and published at EU level. For confidentiality reasons, the statistics presently available at EU-level (annual data on pesticide active substances placed on the market), are aggregated to pesticide major groups and categories of products, In many EU Member States, or regions thereof, detailed data may be publicly available for individual active substances. A theoretical model can be developed to estimate pesticide use in space and time, based on information on crops, climate and other territorial characteristics, but such a model requires calibration and validation based on data available in the public domain. The objective of the workshop was to collect first-hand information from experts in different EU Member States on data publicly available in their country/regions on pesticide use or proxies, such as pesticide sales, for individual active substances, in order to identify options for the development of a pan-EU pesticide use model. The latter is a necessary input for the assessment of cumulative impacts of pesticides in the EU.
The publication of this handbook will be interested for everyone who will learn what the EU has done to protect the environment and to improve the quality of life in Europe, and what can be achieved in future. Well structured, concise and forward-looking, the handbook describes the history and current status of EU environmental law, but also looks to the future by analysing the strengths and weaknesses of the actions taken so far.
Enabling power: European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, s. 8 (1), sch. 7, para. 21. Issued: 19.12.2018. Sifted: -. Made: -. Laid: -. Coming into force: In accord. with reg. 1 (1). Effect: S.I. 2008/2570 amended. Territorial extent & classification: E/W/S/NI. For approval by resolution of each House of Parliament. EC note: These Regulations are made in Order to address failures of retained EU law and make amendments in the field of pesticides. Part 2 amends Regulation (EC) no. 396/2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides. Part 3 makes a further consequential amendment, contains transitional provisions, amends the EEA agreement Annex 2, and revokes 135 pieces retained direct EU legislation
Enabling power: European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, s. 8 (1), sch. 7, para. 21. Issued: 04.11.2019. Sifted: -. Made: 28.10.2019. Laid: -. Coming into force: In accord. reg. 1. Effect: S.I. 2019/556, 557 amended. Territorial extent & classification: E/W/S/NI. General. This Statutory Instrument has been made in part to correct errors in S.I. 2019/556 (ISBN 9780111184493) and is being issued free of charge to all known recipients of that Statutory Instrument. EC note: Regulation (EC) no. 1107/2209; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) no. 844/2012 amended and 30 piece of retained direct EU legislation revoked. Supersedes draft S.I. (ISBN 9780111188699) issued 23.07.2019