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Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty presents new and surprising findings about career differences between female and male full-time, tenure-track, and tenured faculty in science, engineering, and mathematics at the nation's top research universities. Much of this congressionally mandated book is based on two unique surveys of faculty and departments at major U.S. research universities in six fields: biology, chemistry, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mathematics, and physics. A departmental survey collected information on departmental policies, recent tenure and promotion cases, and recent hires in almost 500 departments. A faculty survey gathered information from a stratified, random sample of about 1,800 faculty on demographic characteristics, employment experiences, the allocation of institutional resources such as laboratory space, professional activities, and scholarly productivity. This book paints a timely picture of the status of female faculty at top universities, clarifies whether male and female faculty have similar opportunities to advance and succeed in academia, challenges some commonly held views, and poses several questions still in need of answers. This book will be of special interest to university administrators and faculty, graduate students, policy makers, professional and academic societies, federal funding agencies, and others concerned with the vitality of the U.S. research base and economy.
The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
The field of education has experienced extraordinary technological, societal, and institutional change in recent years, making it one of the most fascinating yet complex fields of study in social science. Unequalled in its combination of authoritative scholarship and comprehensive coverage, International Encyclopedia of Education, Third Edition succeeds two highly successful previous editions (1985, 1994) in aiming to encapsulate research in this vibrant field for the twenty-first century reader. Under development for five years, this work encompasses over 1,000 articles across 24 individual areas of coverage, and is expected to become the dominant resource in the field. Education is a multidisciplinary and international field drawing on a wide range of social sciences and humanities disciplines, and this new edition comprehensively matches this diversity. The diverse background and multidisciplinary subject coverage of the Editorial Board ensure a balanced and objective academic framework, with 1,500 contributors representing over 100 countries, capturing a complete portrait of this evolving field. A totally new work, revamped with a wholly new editorial board, structure and brand-new list of meta-sections and articles Developed by an international panel of editors and authors drawn from senior academia Web-enhanced with supplementary multimedia audio and video files, hotlinked to relevant references and sources for further study Incorporates ca. 1,350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as technology and learning, demography and social change, globalization, and adult learning, to name a few Offers two content delivery options - print and online - the latter of which provides anytime, anywhere access for multiple users and superior search functionality via ScienceDirect, as well as multimedia content, including audio and video files
Why do women in most developing countries lag behind men in literacy? Why do women get less schooling than men? This anthology examines the educational decisions that deprive women of an equal education. It assembles the most up-to-date data, organized by region. Each paper links the data with other measures of economic and social development. This approach helps explain the effects different levels of education have on womens' fertility, mortality rates, life expectancy, and income. Also described are the effects of women's education on family welfare. The authors look at family size and women's labor status and earnings. They examine child and maternal health, as well as investments in children's education. Their investigation demonstrates that women with a better education enjoy greater economic growth and provide a more nurturing family life. It suggests that when a country denies women an equal education, the nation's welfare suffers. Current strategies used to improve schooling for girls and women are examined in detail. The authors suggest an ambitious agenda for educating women. It seeks to close the gender gap by the next century. Published for The World Bank by The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Togo is a West African country that has been shaped by its diverse history, ranging from pre-colonial empires to French colonial rule to independence struggles. The country is a relatively small nation in terms of land size and population, but it has a rich cultural and linguistic heritage. The official language is French, but there are many indigenous languages spoken by different ethnic groups throughout the country. Despite being a generally peaceful country, Togo has faced its share of political turbulence in recent years. Togo has experienced numerous coup attempts and waves of social unrest, particularly in relation to fair elections and political freedoms. However, Togo has also made significant strides in economic development, particularly in areas such as agriculture and manufacturing. Togo is also known for its natural beauty, including sandy beaches, rolling hills, and tropical rainforests, making it a popular destination for tourists and nature enthusiasts alike.
"Non-cognitive skills" are often used to refers to those skills that do not fall within the cognitive category but to describe a stable pattern of thought, feeling, and behavior in different situations and backgrounds with profitable and investable characteristics, such as conscientiousness, perseverance, and teamwork, which are critically important in education. However, for many years, "non-cognitive skills" have always been ignored in human capital theory. The book, using a multidisciplinary approach, tries to uncover the noncognitive components of human capital, so as to answer the question "what is the skill that should be invested in?" The author expands the connotations of human capital by exploring the value of noncognitive skills and their production patterns, constructing a measurement framework and a set of tools to measure noncognitive skills. She especially carries out an empirical survey which covers primary and secondary school students from seven provinces of China’s east, middle, and west areas. With the data collected, she analyzes Chinese students’ noncognitive development and further identifies the critical factors that may impact their noncognitive skills by applying the Bayesian Model Average approach. The book will be a theoretical contribution to education economics. Researchers interested in education in China, children’s development, and policymakers in the field of education will find this book helpful and resourceful.
What Reviewers have to say "This book is amongst the best on the subject, and by far the best by any Indian Scholar as a textbook for the postgraduate students, and also for those preparing for any competitive examinations." — Prof. Ashwini Kanta Ray Former Professor, International Relation and Comparative Politics, Jawaharlal Nehru University "Peu Ghosh has brought together an impressive range of themes to provide a road map to students who want to initiate an in-depth study of the subject. It has captured the scale and complexity of different concepts, themes and issues of International Relations covered in University courses today." — Dr. RumkiBasu, Professor, Department of Political Science, Jamia Millia Islamia NEW TO THE EDITION • Newer theoretical perspectives—Post-structuralism and Constructivism • A new chapter on Migration and Refugees • Gender and Development in IR and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) • Current events in International Relations: India and the World (including topics like Uri and Pulwama terror attacks, BREXIT, North Korean peace process and so on). Highlights of Fifth Edition • Newer theoretical perspectives—Post-structuralism and Constructivism • A new chapter on Migration and Refugees • Gender and Development in IR and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) • Current events in International Relations: India and the World (including topics like Uri and Pulwamaterror attacks, BREXIT, North Korean peace process and so on). The Fifth Edition of this comprehensive and well-organized book continues to delve into the multidimensional aspects of international relations, taking into account the present undergraduate and postgraduate curricula of different universities. The book gives a panoramic view of international relations and is not only a useful guide for students and teachers of International Relations, Political Science, History but also for those aspiring for various competitive examinations such as NET, SLET, and Civil Services examinations. TARGET AUDIENCE • B.A. (Hons. and Pass)—Political Science • M.A. (Political Science and International Relations) • B.A. (LLB) • For those appearing for Civil Service Examinations