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This book identifies research priorities and possible changes in farming practice to reduce the incidence of transmission of the potentially lethal bacterium E. coli O157 to the food chain and humans. Topics include the factors affecting the influence and survival in farm animals, especially cattle; the epidemiology of spread from animals to humans; and the immediate spread from animals to meat, milk and the environment. Supplementary information on the association of human disease with the farm environment has been added. The book results from a meeting on E. coliin farm animals held at the Rowett Research Institute in 1998.
The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.
Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.
This volume provides a comprehensive outline of the current methods used to detect, characterize, and investigate Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and Shiga toxins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli: Methods and Protocols aims to be a valuable resource for clinicians, epidemiologists, and researchers interested in STEC pathogenesis.
In recent years infectious livestock diseases have swept across many countries, often with dramatic consequences for animal and public health. With climatic changes modifying the distribution of vector-born diseases, emerging novel pathogens can spread rapidly in new areas, at the same time as resistance spreads in places where they are established. This calls for new approaches for the control of parasitic diseases. These two volumes present in detail over 130 viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases of large livestock species from all over the world, accompanied by very valuable and informative illustrations and photographs. Particular attention is also paid to the role of wildlife in their epidemiology, stressing the potential zoonotic characteristics of diseases where applicable and their effects on humans.
THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.
The Rumen and Its Microbes is a contribution to the ecology of this important microbial habitat. Relatively few microbial habitats have been subjected to a thorough quantitative ecological analysis. The rumen fermentation is peculiarly suitable because of its relatively constant and continuous nature and because of the very rapid rates of conversion of organic matter. Although analysis of the ruminant-microbe symbiosis is still far from complete, knowledge is sufficient for formulation of principles and for identification and measurement of important parameters. The first eight chapters of the book include a description of the rumen and its microbes, their activities, and the extent of these activities. This basic biology provides a framework in which applications to agriculture can be evaluated. These applications are discussed in the last four chapters: host metabolism, variation in the rumen, possible practical applications, and abnormalities in rumen function.
In answer to public concerns, Microbial Food Safety in Animal Agriculture: Current Topics provides timely information on this area of increasing importance, giving a broad overview of pre-harvest microbial food safety. Written by specialists from around the world, this essential reference focuses on research in the areas of antimicrobial resistance, risk assessment, microbial detection methods and diagnostics, and emerging diseases. Coverage provides balanced overviews of Federal, industry, and academic perspectives on key issues in food safety. Specific organisms explored in depth include: Salmonellaspp., Campylobacterspp., Escherichia coli 0157:H7, and Listeria monocytogene. No other single source offers current information and detailed references on issues in pre-harvest food safety in production animal agriculture. Veterinarians, researchers, and food safety professionals in academia, government agencies, and food animal production industries will discover this resource crucial to defensive awareness.
Hardbound. Vaccination is widely recognised as one of the most efficient tools in public health, showing obvious cost-benefit advantages for all target populations involved.Vaccines in the veterinary field can contribute greatly to the welfare of domestic and wild animals and, indirectly, to environmental protection. The aim of animal vaccination will increasingly be to prevent dissemination of zoonoses (such as rabies, taeniosis, salmonellosis, etc.) rather than to protect the animal itself, especially when infection or infestation is not harmful to the reservoir (cysticercosis)At present there is insufficient overall understanding of some important aspects of veterinary vaccines. Literature on the subject exists, but often consists of either research communications or 'catalogue-type' descriptive works. This unique book fills a gap within the already available literature. The scope is broad and covers all aspects of vaccines and vaccination in the