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La declinación fisiológica y fisiopatológica del proceso de envejecimiento disminuyen las capacidades motoras (CM), con énfasis después de los sesenta años y en presencia de enfermedades crónicas generado pérdida de autonomía funcional en los adultos mayores (AM), para evaluar éstos efectos están los instrumentos de evaluación. Sin embargo, los que actualmente utilizamos en Gerontología o Geriatría proceden desde los EEUU ó Países anglosajones, no definen hacia quienes está dirigido, porque no poseen mecanismo de selección inicial, evalúan las funciones por separado, las preguntas son abiertas y el resultado recae en el criterio del evaluador, poseen pocas alternativas de respuestas, no hay similitud para los niveles funcionales (NF), originalmente no fueron creados para Gerontología y han sido adaptadas a través del tiempo, muchos tienen más de treinta años de existencia, y varios no poseen fiabilidad y validación en el medio Iberoamericano. El objetivo del presente estudio fue crear un instrumento que: incorporare la idiosincrasia cultural de los países de habla hispana, evalúe las CM en forma integral (movilidad corporal, equilibrio estático, marcha - equilibrio dinámico y actividades básicas de la vida diaria - ABVD), ítems estén asociados entre ellos (unidimensional), las variables se combinen en una única medida compuesta (escala aditiva), discrimine hacia quienes está dirigida (screening), esté construida por medio de algoritmos funcionales, clasifique la presencia de funciones con valores altos y la ausencia con bajos, cada ítem posea nueve pruebas y cada una diez NF para mayor sensibilidad a los cambios, posea el carácter de continua para aplicarse en su totalidad o sólo los ítems de interés para el profesional, posea un ítem para evaluar la satisfacción personal y otro para la autopercepción de las capacidades funcionales (CF) por parte del AM y que posea el respaldo científico de fiabilidad y validez. Luego de dos estudios pilotos, se realizó un estudio analítico transversal comparativo, para lo cual a través del sistema de screening de la escala, seleccionamos 80 AM (40 h y 40 m) y de ellos 20 h y 20 m estaban clasificados como independientes (I) y 20 h y 20 m como dependientes (D), con edad media de 76,63 años, después fueron evaluados con el instrumento dos veces por el método inter - evaluador (un primer evaluador experto y siete segundos evaluadores no expertos ni adiestrados), el análisis estadístico se hizo para la 1a evaluación y luego entre la 1a y 2a evaluación. Los resultados más relevantes se obtuvieron para las 36 pruebas que evalúan las CM.
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
How do biological and environmental factors influence the development of childhood and adolescent disorders? There has been a substantial increase of interest in research into child and adolescent psychopathology. In this book, Cecilia Essau brings together contributions from the UK, the US and Canada to provide a comprehensive summary of the information available on the subject. Beginning with an introduction to general issues related to child and adolescent psychopathology, including theoretical models of normal and abnormal development, each chapter goes on to address the issues associated with specific disorders, such as: oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder eating disorders substance use disorders somatoform disorders. The contributors present a thorough overview of each disorder, including discussion of definition and classification, epidemiology, risk factors, comorbidity, course, outcome and prevention. Child & Adolescent Psychopathology will be welcomed by all mental health professionals seeking a reliable source of scientifically and clinically relevant information on the nature and treatment of child and adolescent disorders.
In this expanded and revised edition of a fresh and original case-study textbook on environmental ethics, Christine Gudorf and James Huchingson continue to explore the line that separates the current state of the environment from what it should be in the future. Boundaries begins with a lucid overview of the field, highlighting the key developments and theories in the environmental movement. Specific cases offer a rich and diverse range of situations from around the globe, from saving the forests of Java and the use of pesticides in developing countries to restoring degraded ecosystems in Nebraska. With an emphasis on the concrete circumstances of particular localities, the studies continue to focus on the dilemmas and struggles of individuals and communities who face daunting decisions with serious consequences. This second edition features extensive updates and revisions, along with four new cases: one on water privatization, one on governmental efforts to mitigate global climate change, and two on the obstacles that teachers of environmental ethics encounter in the classroom. Boundaries also includes an appendix for teachers that describes how to use the cases in the classroom.
This brilliant and revolutionary theory of multiple intelligences reexamines the goals of education to support a more educated society for future generations. Howard Gardner’s concept of multiple intelligences has been hailed as perhaps the most profound insight into education since the work of Jerome Bruner, Jean Piaget, and even John Dewey. Here, in The Disciplined Mind, Garner pulls together the threads of his previous works and looks beyond such issues as charters, vouchers, unions, and affirmative action in order to explore the larger questions of what constitutes an educated person and how this can be achieved for all students. Gardner eloquently argues that the purpose of K–12 education should be to enhance students’ deep understanding of the truth (and falsity), beauty (and ugliness), and goodness (and evil) as defined by their various cultures. By exploring the theory of evolution, the music of Mozart, and the lessons of the Holocaust as a set of examples that illuminates the nature of truth, beauty, and morality, The Disciplined Mind envisions how younger generations will rise to the challenges of the future—while preserving the traditional goals of a “humane” education. Gardner’s ultimate goal is the creation of an educated generation that understands the physical, biological, and societal world in their own personal context as well as in a broader world view. But even as Gardner persuasively argues the merits of his approach, he recognizes the difficulty of developing one universal, ideal form of education. In an effort to reconcile conflicting educational viewpoints, he proposes the creation of six different educational pathways that, when taken together, can satisfy people’s concern for student learning and their widely divergent views about knowledge and understanding overall.
Papers from the FAO Expert Consultation on Nutrition Education for the Public, 18-22 September 1995. - For the report of this conference, see FAO Food & Nutrition Paper 59 (ISBN 9251037973)
Designing Software Architectures will teach you how to design any software architecture in a systematic, predictable, repeatable, and cost-effective way. This book introduces a practical methodology for architecture design that any professional software engineer can use, provides structured methods supported by reusable chunks of design knowledge, and includes rich case studies that demonstrate how to use the methods. Using realistic examples, you’ll master the powerful new version of the proven Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) 3.0 method and will learn how to use it to address key drivers, including quality attributes, such as modifiability, usability, and availability, along with functional requirements and architectural concerns. Drawing on their extensive experience, Humberto Cervantes and Rick Kazman guide you through crafting practical designs that support the full software life cycle, from requirements to maintenance and evolution. You’ll learn how to successfully integrate design in your organizational context, and how to design systems that will be built with agile methods. Comprehensive coverage includes Understanding what architecture design involves, and where it fits in the full software development life cycle Mastering core design concepts, principles, and processes Understanding how to perform the steps of the ADD method Scaling design and analysis up or down, including design for pre-sale processes or lightweight architecture reviews Recognizing and optimizing critical relationships between analysis and design Utilizing proven, reusable design primitives and adapting them to specific problems and contexts Solving design problems in new domains, such as cloud, mobile, or big data
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the role and work of the occupational therapist with regard to physical illness or disability. The text links OT theory with day-to-day practice.