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The development of poor countries has so often meant the export of Northern technology for ambitious schemes designed to make money the latest giant dam, oil refinery, logging process or pesticide factory. But such 'aid' has frequently been ecologically destructive and its crippling cost has ended up making life immeasurably worse for those it was supposed to help. Using examples from Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America, this book shows there are forms of development that allow people to control their own resources while improving their condition and enhancing their environment. The 33 case studies from agriculture, fishing and industry were commissioned by the International Institute for Environment and Development from people closely involved in the projects, with overviews by Robert Chambers, John Michael Kramer, Marilyn Carr, David Butcher and Yves Cabannes. Originally published in 1988
A review of Canada-Indonesia trade, aid and investment relations during the New Order era, 1967-83. It is a case study of how two middle-ranking powers have sought to define a meaningful economic relationship that recognizes similarities and complementarities, and the problems which they face in seeking to industrialize and find an expanding role in the rapidly changing and increasingly competitive Pacific basin economy. The twists and turns of Canadian foreign policy and the shifting requirements of Indonesia as a host country to foreign enterprise are outlined and analysed, and a prognosis is offered of how Indonesia might reconcile its dilemmas of development and what this might imply for its would-be partners in development such as Canada. An extensive bibliography of related writings is included as an appendix.
Illustrated by a detailed comparative examination of mining regulations and environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the USA (the second largest producer of coal in the world) and Indonesia (the eighth largest and most rapidly growing), this book argues that the degree of policy integration often determines the success or failure in controlling environmental effects of mining operations. Comparison of surface mining regulation in the two countries provides some stark contrasts, some surprising results concerning the diffusion of policy innovations from one country to another, and instances of both policy success and failure. The book provides significant new insights into international relations and comparative environmental policy, particularly as they affect rainforests and biodiversity. It also suggests that if mining environmental policy were to be effectively implemented, the environmental degradation caused need not be permanent.
The book focuses on Indonesia's most pressing labor market challenges and associated policy options to achieve higher and more inclusive economic growth. The challenges consist of creating jobs for and the skills in a youthful and increasingly better educated workforce, and raising the productivity of less-educated workers to meet the demands of the digital age. The book deals with a range of interrelated topics---the changing supply and demand for labor in relation to the shift of workers out of agriculture; urbanization and the growth of megacities; raising the quality of schooling for new jobs in the digital economy; and labor market policies to improve both labor standards and productivity.
The model contract for oil and gas development known as the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) originated in Indonesia in 1966 and enjoyed over a decade of successful implementation, with minor adjustments, in several oil-producing countries. In more recent years, however, numerous problems have arisen as changes in economic realities have driven the level of private investment down. This penetrating study, the only one of its kind, uses legal analysis as well as historical data to pinpoint the reasons for the initial success of the PSC and for its subsequent and persistent frustrations for investors. The author first examines the original Indonesian contract, along with the variants adopted in Malaysia and the People's Republic of China, and then proceeds to an in-depth analysis of the main clauses and their amendments and execution in all three countries. Taking into account various commissioned surveys and emerging policies and strategies espoused by both governments and industry representatives, he concludes with a detailed proposal for an overhauled contract that allows for meaningful adjustments, or even renegotiation, when the balance of interests between parties changes substantially. Focusing as it does on some central issues in global economic development, The Indonesian Production Sharing Contract will be of great value to lawyers, multinational corporate executives, and policymakers far beyond the Asia-Pacific region.