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This document is intended to serve as a consistent "roadmap" for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency personnel in evaluating the environmental acceptability of dredged amterial management alternatives. Specifically, its major objectives are to provide: A general technical framwork for evaluating the environmental acceptability of dredged material management, alternatives (open-water disposal, confined (diked) disposal, and beneficial uses). Additional technical guidance to augment present implementation and testing manuals for addressing the environmental acceptability of available management options for the discharge of dredged material in both ope water and confined sites. Enhanced consistency and coordination in USAC/EPA decision making in accordance with Federal environmantl statutes regulating dredged material management.
This manual is a resource document providing technical guidance for evaluation of potential contaminant migration pathways from confined disposal facilities (CDFs). Disposal of dredged material in CDFs is one of the most commonly considered alternatives for material deemed unsuitable for conventional open water disposal because of potential contaminant impacts and is also an option commonly considered for disposal of contaminated sediments dredged for purposes of sediment remediation. If contaminated sediments are placed in a CDF, consideration of pathways for migration of contaminants from the site and potential contaminant impacts may be required. A suite of evaluation procedures and laboratory test procedures has been developed to evaluate CDF contaminant pathways and is presented in detail in this manual. A tiered testing and evaluation approach is used. The Tier I evaluation determines the need for pathway evaluations, pathways of concern, contaminants of concern, and which pathways require more detailed evaluations based on existing information. Tier II evaluations consist of determining the need for management actions derived from very conservative techniques that use the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the dredged material and basic information about the CDF. Tier III focuses primarily on definitive evaluations, including pathway testing. Tier IV, which should rarely be needed for navigation projects, includes formal quantitative risk assessment designed to answer specific, well-defined questions.
Confined disposal facilities (CDFs) are widely used for the disposal of dredged material from Corps of Engineers maintenance dredging projects along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and waterways and harbors in the Great Lakes. CDFs are a less common disposal alternative along the Pacific coast and inland river systems. When contaminated dredged material is placed in the CDF, there is a potential for contaminant mobilization and release from the CDF by a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes. This report provides an overview of the processes affecting mobilization and release of contaminants from CDFs and the potential applicability of multimedia models for prediction of contaminant release. Processes affecting release from in-water CDFs are emphasized, although many of the processes discussed are applicable to nearshore and upland CDFs. Processes affecting contaminant release are complex, involving a variety of chemicals and operational and design considerations. Many of the important processes are reasonably well known. Laboratory column settling and elutriate techniques have been developed to estimate solids and contaminant concentration in water directly released during hydraulic disposal operations. Predictive techniques for other processes are not as available.