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This monograph examines contemporary environmental challenges facing Nepal, this landlocked country’s representativeness in the wider South Asian context is both distinct and generalizable. In large part, this is because of its extremes of physiographical structure- plains, hill ranges, mountainous massifs - and wide range of altitudinal terrains, which represent and replicate South Asian and East Asian continental conditions differing as markedly as humid tropical lowlands, sub-tropical hill ranges and temperate to sub-arctic mountainous environments. Associated forest regimes, in which deforestation and reforestation patterns have evolved in recent times, and differing densities of settlement and cleared agricultural landscapes in each of these altitudinal zones, add to the environmental diversity of Nepal. Associated fauna and exotic species are in various states of endangerment especially Bengal tigers, one horned rhinos, wild elephants, crocodile, musk deer, and peasants, to name a few- so that their forested and mountainous habitats as ‘Wild Life Reserves’ also deserve our attention, and are featured in this monograph’s remit.
This study aims to mainstream environmental protection, climate change mitigation, and disaster risk management in the Asian Development Bank's country partnership strategy for Nepal in 2020–2024. It reviews the country's environmental situation, institutional and legislative provisions, status toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and key challenges in creating environmentally sustainable, climate-friendly, disaster-resilient, and socially inclusive economic growth. Based on extensive stakeholder consultations and cause-and-effect analysis, the study recommends updating national and subnational environment policies and ensuring that national, provincial, and local levels of the new federal system are harmonized. Institutional strengthening and capacity building should also be conducted to improve environmental governance.
The practical application of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is becoming increasingly common. A growing number of SEAs are being undertaken around the world, and several countries have issued guidance on how these should be carried out. However, few countries as yet have formal SEA regulations, and few completed SEAs have demonstrated all the elements of current best practice. The Practice of Strategic Environmental Assessment aims to provide a unique analysis of SEAs which have been undertaken, drawing on a variety of methods and circumstances to illustrate how best practice can be achieved, and providing inspiration for those considering studying, commission or carrying out an SEA. Part I sets the rest of the book in context, giving a review of international SEA guidance and regulations, and discussing models and methodologies. Part II then analyses a comprehensive set of case studies from countries which have extensive experience in SEA, or which provide particularly good examples. The case studies are discussed in three sections ? sectoral SEAs, SEAs of land-use plans and SEAs of policies ? and provide examples of different scales and approaches, as well as country-specific experience. The final chapter draws out some constraints to effective SEA, as well as positive themes which show how effective SEA can contribute to wider environmental assessment. Written by an international team of SEA practitioners and experts, this volume will be of particular use to students of environmental policy and management, environmental consultants, local authorities, policy-makers and anyone involved in the commissioning, process or review of SEAs.
As the country that inspires the world with ‘gross national happiness’ development philosophy, Bhutan is striving to pursue its economic growth while committing to its core values of inclusive and green development. Even with robust economic growth rates, Bhutan’s dependence on imports and hydropower revenues drives the country to search for self-reliant option to fuel the economy while further decarbonizing the economy. Electric vehicle is being explored as one of the key policies to introduce green mobility, reduce fossil fuel imports and put the country firmly on a green growth path. Globally, electric vehicles market and technology are still in the nascent stage but are developing rapidly. The automotive industry has adopted electrification as a pillar of future drive train technology. EV uptake is expected to increase significantly with ongoing improvements in technology and resulting cost decreases in the global market. This report aims to help Bhutan think through various technical and policy issues of introducing electric vehicles in its own context. It analyses a variety of factors that will impact adoption of electric vehicles from technical, market and financial feasibility to consumer awareness and stakeholders’ capacity. It also addresses several policy questions which are at the heart of public debate such as affordability of the government to undertake the program, economic costs and benefits, distributional impact, fiscal, and macroeconomic implications. Drawing from vast international experiences, the report examines in great technical details how global cutting-edge technology like electric vehicles could be pursued in the context of developing economies with different socio-economic characteristics and constraints compared to advanced economies. It will help readers better grasp the technical, financial, economic and social challenges as well as opportunities in initiating electric vehicles program and provide practical recommendations that will be useful for policy makers in designing their own EV initiative.
Environment Impact Assessment: Precept & Practice deals with theoretical, practical, managerial and legal issues in multidisciplinary holism to suit Indian environmental planning and governance. Environment Impact Assessment is not only considered a tool for sustainable development but a promissory augury of creation of equitable regime of for ecosystem governance. The book is laced with polemical issues in dexterous detail to cater erudite demand of environmental planners besides fulfilling the void of curriculum and pedagogic requirements of technical universities, environmental management and legal studies. The book offers diversity of thoughts across discipline on Environment Impact Assessment discourse in rounded perspective having immense potential for textual and reference utilities. The treatment of subject is not only discursive but paradigmatic to eradicate contemporary crisis in Environment Impact Assessment regime. It combines theoretical postulate with deeper empiricism and penetrative case studies to make an intriguing subject of Environment Impact Assessment with greater ease and lucidity. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
This unique sourcebook provides a global, state-of-the-art review of the rapidly evolving field of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) that is intended to serve as a baseline for the work of an OECD Task Team on SEA and a UNEP initiative on integrated planning and assessment. It describes trends in application and experience in different contexts worldwide, providing in-depth coverage of the status of SEA systems, and practice in developed, transitional and developing countries by a range of development agencies. The book draws on a large body of published and unpublished material, and contributions from a wide range of individual experts, organizations and agencies. It provides an unparalleled and invaluable understanding of the emerging scope and potential of SEA and describes how, when and where it is being used. The sourcebook includes a probing review of concepts, terminology, approaches and tools of SEA, and a comparative analysis of the different types of existing SEA systems. The volume also contains many case examples illustrating SEA practice in different countries and contexts, a full set of references and a number of appendices containing source materials.
Since the 1980s, and especially since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, there has been a substantial extension in the adoption and use of Environmental Assessment (EA) procedures in developing countries and countries in transition (low and middle income countries). However, few existing texts in environmental assessment or development studies have reflected this trend sufficiently, until this publication. Divided into two main parts: * EA Principles, Processes and Practice. * Country and Institutional Studies of EA Procedures and Practice. This book explains the essentials of environmental impact association in the context of developing countries and assesses its importance to both developed and developing countries.