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As World War II drew to a close, America's premier fire apparatus builder--the American-LaFrance Foamite Corp. of Elmira, N.Y.--bet the company's future on its radical new cab-ahead-of-engine 700 Series fire engines. In a spectacular gamble to capture the superheated postwar market, all of the company's existing products were discontinued and its customers were essentially told to "take it or leave it." This bold gamble paid off and 700 Series rigs soon filled firehouses across the nation, sweeping aside all competitors and ultimately defining the breakthrough 700 as "America's Fire Engine." This is the first comprehensive history of the game-changing 700. Individual chapters detail not only each of the eight major vehicle types but also the origins, design controversies, manufacturing, and marketing of the 700 and short-lived transitional 800 Series. The book includes a meticulously researched registry of every 700/800 series apparatus delivered, supported by many interpretive tables detailing production, specifications and major fire department fleets.
Historical novel of New York City's volunteer firemen during the turbulent period of industrialization, immigration, abolishionist movement and Civil War. The volunteer system was under attack by a political/insurance industry clique pushing for a paid fire department equipped with the new steam fire engines, which the volunteers opposed. A story of bravery and courage of men who came from all walks of life and were responsible for saving the city from destruction by dozens of disastrous fires, only to be scorned by politicians and labeled as rowdies by their insurance enemies. An interesting look at New York in this period of change and incudes how the game of baseball originated with the volunteer firemen. The New York volunteers carried their firefighting experience west during the gold rush and were responsible for formation of many fire departments in western states. A must read for firefighting, newspaper, telegraph, insurance, New York City and Philadelphia history buffs.
During the period of America's swiftest industrialization and urban growth, fire struck fear in the hearts of city dwellers as did no other calamity. Before the Civil War, sweeping blazes destroyed more than $200 million in property in the nation's largest cities. Between 1871 and 1906, conflagrations left Chicago, Boston, Baltimore, and San Francisco in ruins. Into the twentieth century, this dynamic hazard intensified as cities grew taller and more populous, confounding those who battled it. Firefighters' death-defying feats captured the popular imagination but too often failed to provide more than symbolic protection. Hundreds of fire insurance companies went bankrupt because they could not adequately deal with the effects of even smaller blazes. Firefighters and fire insurers created a physical and cultural infrastructure whose legacy—in the form of heroic firefighters, insurance policies, building standards, and fire hydrants—lives on in the urban built environment. In Eating Smoke, Mark Tebeau shows how the changing practices of firefighters and fire insurers shaped the built landscape of American cities, the growth of municipal institutions, and the experience of urban life. Drawing on a wealth of fire department and insurance company archives, he contrasts the invention of a heroic culture of firefighters with the rational organizational strategies by fire underwriters. Recognizing the complexity of shifting urban environments and constantly experimenting with tools and tactics, firefighters fought fire ever more aggressively—"eating smoke" when they ventured deep into burning buildings or when they scaled ladders to perform harrowing rescues. In sharp contrast to the manly valor of firefighters, insurers argued that the risk was quantifiable, measurable, and predictable. Underwriters managed hazard with statistics, maps, and trade associations, and they eventually agitated for building codes and other reforms, which cities throughout the nation implemented in the twentieth century. Although they remained icons of heroism, firefighters' cultural and institutional authority slowly diminished. Americans had begun to imagine fire risk as an economic abstraction. By comparing the simple skills employed by firefighters—climbing ladders and manipulating hoses—with the mundane technologies—maps and accounting charts—of insurers, the author demonstrates that the daily routines of both groups were instrumental in making intense urban and industrial expansion a less precarious endeavor.
Nama is a Papuan language spoken by around 1200 people in the Morehead district of southern New Guinea. It is a member of the Nambu subgroup of the Yam family of languages (also known as the Morehead-Upper Maro family). This grammar is the first published comprehensive description of a language in this subgroup. Nama has an interesting complex morphology with 21 nominal suffixes (17 case-marking) and 31 verbal prefixes and suffixes, indexing arguments (person/number) and indicating tense (current, recent, remote) and aspect (perfective/imperfective, inceptive, punctual, delimited, durative). Nama also has some linguistic features that are either very rare or not attested in other languages.
In a desperate attempt to bring the North to the bargaining table and end what was to the South a losing war, Confederate spies in Canada launch a plot to burn New York City on the day after Thanksgiving in 1864. A group of rebel officers, escapees from Union prison camps who had fled to neutral Canada for safety, reach the city by train and, in disguise, take rooms in various hotels in downtown New York. They fail but only because, unknowingly, they use a chemical mixture that requires oxygen. Smoke from the incipient fires they set is quickly discovered and the fires put out. In the dramatic search for the conspirators that follows, only one of them is caught, Robert Cobb Kennedy, a captain from Louisiana. He is tried, convicted and hanged... the last rebel executed by the North before the end of the war. The Man Who Tried to Burn New York won the Douglas Southall Freeman History Award in 1987.
This fascinating pictorial history chronicles the vibrant development of the largest and most colorful fire service in the country -- the Fire Department of New York (FDNY). Beautifully illustrated, Badges of the Bravest tells the nostalgic story of the fire departments in New York City through a lavish collection of more than 900 badges -- the most time-honored of firefighters' symbols -- along with intriguing photographs and historical documents sure to captivate history buffs, firefighting enthusiasts, and collectors of fire memorabilia. Badges of the Bravest takes the reader through a vivid journey, from the early volunteer companies to the paid uniformed force, from bucket brigades to steam fire engines, from the hand-drawn to the horse-drawn to the motorized era! Badges punctuate the many important milestones in the FDNY's history and capture its most poignant events, including the tragic fires at the Brooklyn Theater, Triangle Shirtwaist factory and the Happyland Social Club. Often overlooked in other published histories of New York firefighting, Badges of the Bravest documents the important role of many specialized fire brigades protecting New York City's landmarks, including the World's Fair, United Nations, Grand Central Terminal, Brooklyn Navy Yard, Coney Island amusement parks, and the World Trade Center. Badges of the Bravest is the saga of a great city... of firefighting and firefighters... and the glorious badges that celebrate and pay fitting tribute to the bravest of American heroes. Book jacket.
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