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Every Abelian group can be related to an associative ring with an identity element, the ring of all its endomorphisms. Recently the theory of endomor phism rings of Abelian groups has become a rapidly developing area of algebra. On the one hand, it can be considered as a part of the theory of Abelian groups; on the other hand, the theory can be considered as a branch of the theory of endomorphism rings of modules and the representation theory of rings. There are several reasons for studying endomorphism rings of Abelian groups: first, it makes it possible to acquire additional information about Abelian groups themselves, to introduce new concepts and methods, and to find new interesting classes of groups; second, it stimulates further develop ment of the theory of modules and their endomorphism rings. The theory of endomorphism rings can also be useful for studies of the structure of additive groups of rings, E-modules, and homological properties of Abelian groups. The books of Baer [52] and Kaplansky [245] have played an important role in the early development of the theory of endomorphism rings of Abelian groups and modules. Endomorphism rings of Abelian groups are much stu died in monographs of Fuchs [170], [172], and [173]. Endomorphism rings are also studied in the works of Kurosh [287], Arnold [31], and Benabdallah [63].
Every Abelian group can be related to an associative ring with an identity element, the ring of all its endomorphisms. Recently the theory of endomor phism rings of Abelian groups has become a rapidly developing area of algebra. On the one hand, it can be considered as a part of the theory of Abelian groups; on the other hand, the theory can be considered as a branch of the theory of endomorphism rings of modules and the representation theory of rings. There are several reasons for studying endomorphism rings of Abelian groups: first, it makes it possible to acquire additional information about Abelian groups themselves, to introduce new concepts and methods, and to find new interesting classes of groups; second, it stimulates further develop ment of the theory of modules and their endomorphism rings. The theory of endomorphism rings can also be useful for studies of the structure of additive groups of rings, E-modules, and homological properties of Abelian groups. The books of Baer [52] and Kaplansky [245] have played an important role in the early development of the theory of endomorphism rings of Abelian groups and modules. Endomorphism rings of Abelian groups are much stu died in monographs of Fuchs [170], [172], and [173]. Endomorphism rings are also studied in the works of Kurosh [287], Arnold [31], and Benabdallah [63].
Written by one of the subject’s foremost experts, this book focuses on the central developments and modern methods of the advanced theory of abelian groups, while remaining accessible, as an introduction and reference, to the non-specialist. It provides a coherent source for results scattered throughout the research literature with lots of new proofs. The presentation highlights major trends that have radically changed the modern character of the subject, in particular, the use of homological methods in the structure theory of various classes of abelian groups, and the use of advanced set-theoretical methods in the study of un decidability problems. The treatment of the latter trend includes Shelah’s seminal work on the un decidability in ZFC of Whitehead’s Problem; while the treatment of the former trend includes an extensive (but non-exhaustive) study of p-groups, torsion-free groups, mixed groups and important classes of groups arising from ring theory. To prepare the reader to tackle these topics, the book reviews the fundamentals of abelian group theory and provides some background material from category theory, set theory, topology and homological algebra. An abundance of exercises are included to test the reader’s comprehension, and to explore noteworthy extensions and related sidelines of the main topics. A list of open problems and questions, in each chapter, invite the reader to take an active part in the subject’s further development.
This second, revised and substantially extended edition of Approximations and Endomorphism Algebras of Modules reflects both the depth and the width of recent developments in the area since the first edition appeared in 2006. The new division of the monograph into two volumes roughly corresponds to its two central topics, approximation theory (Volume 1) and realization theorems for modules (Volume 2). It is a widely accepted fact that the category of all modules over a general associative ring is too complex to admit classification. Unless the ring is of finite representation type we must limit attempts at classification to some restricted subcategories of modules. The wild character of the category of all modules, or of one of its subcategories C, is often indicated by the presence of a realization theorem, that is, by the fact that any reasonable algebra is isomorphic to the endomorphism algebra of a module from C. This results in the existence of pathological direct sum decompositions, and these are generally viewed as obstacles to classification. In order to overcome this problem, the approximation theory of modules has been developed. The idea here is to select suitable subcategories C whose modules can be classified, and then to approximate arbitrary modules by those from C. These approximations are neither unique nor functorial in general, but there is a rich supply available appropriate to the requirements of various particular applications. The authors bring the two theories together. The first volume, Approximations, sets the scene in Part I by introducing the main classes of modules relevant here: the S-complete, pure-injective, Mittag-Leffler, and slender modules. Parts II and III of the first volume develop the key methods of approximation theory. Some of the recent applications to the structure of modules are also presented here, notably for tilting, cotilting, Baer, and Mittag-Leffler modules. In the second volume, Predictions, further basic instruments are introduced: the prediction principles, and their applications to proving realization theorems. Moreover, tools are developed there for answering problems motivated in algebraic topology. The authors concentrate on the impossibility of classification for modules over general rings. The wild character of many categories C of modules is documented here by the realization theorems that represent critical R-algebras over commutative rings R as endomorphism algebras of modules from C. The monograph starts from basic facts and gradually develops the theory towards its present frontiers. It is suitable both for graduate students interested in algebra and for experts in module and representation theory.
At first sight, finitely generated abelian groups and canonical forms of matrices appear to have little in common. However, reduction to Smith normal form, named after its originator H.J.S.Smith in 1861, is a matrix version of the Euclidean algorithm and is exactly what the theory requires in both cases. Starting with matrices over the integers, Part 1 of this book provides a measured introduction to such groups: two finitely generated abelian groups are isomorphic if and only if their invariant factor sequences are identical. The analogous theory of matrix similarity over a field is then developed in Part 2 starting with matrices having polynomial entries: two matrices over a field are similar if and only if their rational canonical forms are equal. Under certain conditions each matrix is similar to a diagonal or nearly diagonal matrix, namely its Jordan form. The reader is assumed to be familiar with the elementary properties of rings and fields. Also a knowledge of abstract linear algebra including vector spaces, linear mappings, matrices, bases and dimension is essential, although much of the theory is covered in the text but from a more general standpoint: the role of vector spaces is widened to modules over commutative rings. Based on a lecture course taught by the author for nearly thirty years, the book emphasises algorithmic techniques and features numerous worked examples and exercises with solutions. The early chapters form an ideal second course in algebra for second and third year undergraduates. The later chapters, which cover closely related topics, e.g. field extensions, endomorphism rings, automorphism groups, and variants of the canonical forms, will appeal to more advanced students. The book is a bridge between linear and abstract algebra.
The theme of this book is an exposition of connections between representations of finite partially ordered sets and abelian groups. Emphasis is placed throughout on classification, a description of the objects up to isomorphism, and computation of representation type, a measure of when classification is feasible. David M. Arnold is the Ralph and Jean Storm Professor of Mathematics at Baylor University. He is the author of "Finite Rank Torsion Free Abelian Groups and Rings" published in the Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Mathematics series, a co-editor for two volumes of conference proceedings, and the author of numerous articles in mathematical research journals.
This monograph is a comprehensive account of formal matrices, examining homological properties of modules over formal matrix rings and summarising the interplay between Morita contexts and K theory. While various special types of formal matrix rings have been studied for a long time from several points of view and appear in various textbooks, for instance to examine equivalences of module categories and to illustrate rings with one-sided non-symmetric properties, this particular class of rings has, so far, not been treated systematically. Exploring formal matrix rings of order 2 and introducing the notion of the determinant of a formal matrix over a commutative ring, this monograph further covers the Grothendieck and Whitehead groups of rings. Graduate students and researchers interested in ring theory, module theory and operator algebras will find this book particularly valuable. Containing numerous examples, Formal Matrices is a largely self-contained and accessible introduction to the topic, assuming a solid understanding of basic algebra.
The traditional biennial international conference of abelian group theorists was held in August, 1987 at the University of Western Australia in Perth. With some 40 participants from five continents, the conference yielded a variety of papers indicating the healthy state of the field and showing the significant advances made in many areas since the last such conference in Oberwolfach in 1985. This volume brings together the papers presented at the Perth conference, together with a few others submitted by those unable to attend. The first section of the book is concerned with the structure of $p$-groups. It begins with a survey on H. Ulm's contributions to abelian group theory and related areas and also describes the surprising interaction between set theory and the structure of abelian $p$-groups. Another group of papers focuses on automorphism groups and the endomorphism rings of abelian groups. The book also examines various aspects of torsion-free groups, including the theory of their structure and torsion-free groups with many automorphisms. After one paper on mixed groups, the volume closes with a group of papers dealing with properties of modules which generalize corresponding properties of abelian groups.
This volume contains the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Abelian Groups and Modules held at the Dublin Institute of Technology in Ireland, from August 10 until August 14, 1998. The meeting brought together more than 50 researchers and graduate students from 14 countries around the world. In a series of eight invited survey talks, experts in the field presented several active areas of research, including:· Almost completely decomposable abelian groups, Butler groups and almost free groups nbsp;â the classification problem, and invariants of special classes of torsion-free abelian groups.· Totally projective groups, their automorphism groups and their group rings â questions about unique passage between these categories.· Radicals commuting with products.· The Ziegler spectra of Neumann regular rings and the class (semi-) groups of PrÃ1⁄4fer domains.· The Krull-Schmidt property for valuation domains.These main talks were accompanied by many other presentations of current research on abelian groups and modules. Methods from model theory, category theory, infinite combinatorics, representation theory, classical algebra and geometry were applied to the study of abelian groups and modules; conversely, results and methods from abelian group theory were applied to general module theory and non-commutative groups.All this is reflected in the 30 articles in this volume, which introduce the reader to an active and attractive part of algebra that over the years has gained much from its position at the crossroads of mathematics. Lively discussions at the conference influenced the final work on the presented papers, which convey some sense of the intellectual ferment they generated and stimulate the reader to consider and actively investigate the topics and problems contained therein.
A conference on Abelian Group Theory was held at the Manoa Campus of the University of Hawaii from December 28, 1982 to January 4, 1983. It was probably the best attended conference on Abelian Group Theory to date with 55 participants from allover the world and the busiest one with 49 talks. A special feature were general interest lectures by Hyman Bass, Columbia University, on "Non-linear Algebra", and by Claus Michael Ringel, Uni versiUit Bielefeld, on "Representations of Algebras". The Conference offered surveys by Laszlo Fuchs, Tulane University, on "Torsion Modules over Valuation Rings", Fred Richman, New Mexico State University, on "Mixed Groups", Paul Eklof, University of California at Irvine, on "Set Theory and Structure Theorems", Rudiger Gobel, Un:i:versitat Essen on "Endomorphism Rings", and Lee Lady, University of Hawaii, on "Torsion Free Groups of Finite Rank". The research reports attested to lively activity in the traditional and in new areas of inquiry within and around Abelian Group Theory. The best represented groups were those of finite rank without torsion, a field employing increasingly sophisticated tools from ring theory and algebraic number theory. The use of set theoretic methods continues to flourish after the pioneering work of Saharon Shelah in the 1970s, and is delivering impressive results. This volume contains the papers of the participants df the C- ferencean6 a number of additional articles of others who could not or did not corne.