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This project involved an investigation of electroplating of refractory metals, chiefly chromium, from the molten LiF-NaF-KF ternary eutectic. Initial objectives were to establish the mechanisms of the electro-reduction processes, especially for chromium, to explore the conditions that might lead to thick, coherent, electrodeposited coatings of chromium, and to examine the effects of co-deposits of other elements on the properties of the deposits. The electrochemical behavior of other refractory metals, tantalum and niobium, was also examined. (Author).
This NATO Advanced Research Workshop was devoted to a specialized topic in molten salt chemistry and was held in an exotic location (as far as Westerners were concerned) well within the Arctic Circle. It nevertheless facilitated a fruitful week, both ofscience and ofhuman contacts. The 42 oral presentations and posters from nine countries enabled the 59 participants to learn a great deal about many areas of recent research in the molten salt chemistry of refractory metals, while making new contacts as well as renewing old friendships. The time ofinformal contact ledto the beginningofa numberofnew research cooperations with interchangeofpersonnel. Thus the twin aimsofadvancing science and improving East-West understanding were both amply fulfilled. Indeed a warm and happy family atmosphere was very tangible doth during the scientific sessions and the social events, which participants, accompanying persons and local staffall enjoyed. This opportunity of living for a short time within the Arctic Circle was a novelty for most Westerners, who generally appreciated the very warm weather (the hottest for 20 years according to some residents), as well as the beautiful surroundings ofvery green birch/pine forest, rushing rivers,vast lakes and rounded mountains,frequently illuminated by wonderful sunsets. The evening barbeque beside Lake Imandra (100 km long) and the coach tour beside the beautiful White Sea dotted with islands in the Kandalaksha Recreational Area (National Park), to sample Pomor culture, dancing and fresh salmon soup, were high spots ofthe social programme.
The main objective of this research, performed by Sven E. Eklund, a graduate student at the Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, is to explore the fundamentals of electroplating of several refractory metals, such as tungsten and tantalum, from chlorofluoroaluminate melts and to compare with electroplating of these elements from the LiF-NaF-KF eutectic. There has been considerable interest in the electrochemistry and metallurgy of the Groups IV-B, V-B, and VI-B4 transition metals (so-called refractory metals) because of the potential use of these metals in electronic components, electrical devices, and the aerospace industry. Pure, coherent deposits of these metals were originally obtained by a method developed by Mellors and Senderoff (1) in 1965. This method uses electrolytic reduction to the metal from the ternary eutectic LiF-NaF-KF, or FLINAK. Mechanisms proposed in several articles by Senderoff and coworkers for the reduction of several metals (2-5) have spurred research into the refractory metals in molten fluorides.
Electrodeposition of Alloys: Principles and Practice, Volume II: Practical and Specific Information provides sufficient information for preparing and operating alloy plating baths. This book is organized into five sections encompassing 21 chapters that also consider the facts and theory of alloy plating. The five sections discuss the five types of alloy plating system with respect to the plating variables. Each section deals with the fundamental bases of alloy deposition, which have been summed up in six principles. This book further examines the role of diffusion in alloy deposition and the role of the density versus potential relations in alloy deposition, as well as certain misconceptions regarding their value in alloy deposition have been pointed out. This book will prove useful to electrochemists, researchers, and electrochemistry teachers and students.
Extractive Metallurgy of Molybdenum provides an up-to-date, comprehensive account of the extraction and process metallurgy fields of molybdenum. The book covers the history of metallurgy of molybdenum from its beginnings to the present day. Topics discussed include molybdenum properties and applications, pyrometallurgy of molybdenum, hydrometallurgy of molybdenum, electrometallurgy of molybdenum, and a survey of molybdenum resources and processing. The book will be a useful reference for metallurgists, materials scientists, researchers, and students. It will also be an indispensable guide for world producers, processors, and traders of molybdenum.