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In recent years, there has been rapid growth in the research field of real-time observation of nuclear and electronic dynamics in molecules. Its time range extends from femtoseconds to attoseconds. This has been made possible by the development of both laser technology and time-dependent theoretical treatments. Indeed, this research field is arguably the most active one in molecular science, second only to femtosecond chemistry. The outcome of the research is expected to make an important contribution to physics, materials science and biology as well as chemistry. In this monograph, the fundamental theories and methods, as well as experimental methods and results, of real-time observation of both nuclear and electronic motions in molecular systems are described. It is suitable for researchers who want to make an active contribution to the new research field and for graduate students who are interested in ultra-fast nuclear and electron dynamics in molecular systems.
This volume aims at a comprehensive introduction into the theory of nonadiabatic molecular processes an increasingly relevant and rapidly expanding segment of molecular quantum dynamics. This very active and current field of research deals with molecular interactions involving transitions between electronic states, which occur typically in cases of reactive scattering between molecules, photoexcitation or strong vibronic and rotational coupling between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. The main objective of Electron Dynamics in Molecular Interactions is to provide a synoptic presentation of some very recent theoretical efforts and to contrast them with the more traditional models of nonadiabatic molecular processes. In these presented models derived from their quantum dynamical fundaments, their interrelations are discussed, and their characteristic applications to concrete chemical systems are also outlined. This volume also includes an assessment of the present status of electron dynamics and a report on novel developments to meet the current challenges in the field. There is a need for a systematic comparative treatise as nonadiabatic theories, which are of considerably higher complexity than the more traditional adiabatic approaches, are steadily gaining in importance. This volume addresses a broad readership ranging from physics or chemistry graduate students to specialists in the field of theoretical quantum dynamics.
Stereodynamics of Molecular Systems covers the proceedings of a symposium held at the State University of New York at Albany, on 23-24 April 1979. The book focuses on the stereodynamics of molecules and ions and nucleic acid structure. The contributions tackle spectroscopy, crystallography, perturbations, and electron-transfer reactions. The selection first offers information on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy chemical shifts, coupling constants, and molecular geometry, including chemical shifts, bond coupling constants, and constitutional features of nucleic acids. The book then takes a look at nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy stereodynamics of small molecules; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy solution dynamics of polymer chains; and single crystal crystallography. The publication evaluates the steric effects on electron-transfer reactions of sulfonamides; effects of isotopic perturbation on NMR spectra; and conformational mobility of the backbone of cyclic tripeptides. The book also discusses accessible surface areas of nucleic acids and their relation to folding, conformational transition, and protein recognition. Topics include polarity of exposed atoms, surface of DNA double helices, transfer RNA, and calculation of “static“ accessible surface area. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the stereodynamics of molecules and ions and nucleic acid structure.
Molecular Spectroscopy and Quantum Dynamics, an exciting new work edited by Professors Martin Quack and Roberto Marquardt, contains comprehensive information on the current state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical methods and techniques used to unravel ultra-fast phenomena in atoms, molecules and condensed matter, along with future perspectives on the field. - Contains new insights into the quantum dynamics and spectroscopy of electronic and nuclear motion - Presents the most recent developments in the detection and interpretation of ultra-fast phenomena - Includes a discussion of the importance of these phenomena for the understanding of chemical reaction dynamics and kinetics in relation to molecular spectra and structure
This book focuses on current applications of molecular quantum dynamics. Examples from all main subjects in the field, presented by the internationally renowned experts, illustrate the importance of the domain. Recent success in helping to understand experimental observations in fields like heterogeneous catalysis, photochemistry, reactive scattering, optical spectroscopy, or femto- and attosecond chemistry and spectroscopy underline that nuclear quantum mechanical effects affect many areas of chemical and physical research. In contrast to standard quantum chemistry calculations, where the nuclei are treated classically, molecular quantum dynamics can cover quantum mechanical effects in their motion. Many examples, ranging from fundamental to applied problems, are known today that are impacted by nuclear quantum mechanical effects, including phenomena like tunneling, zero point energy effects, or non-adiabatic transitions. Being important to correctly understand many observations in chemical, organic and biological systems, or for the understanding of molecular spectroscopy, the range of applications covered in this book comprises broad areas of science: from astrophysics and the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere, over elementary processes in chemistry, to biological processes (such as the first steps of photosynthesis or vision). Nevertheless, many researchers refrain from entering this domain. The book "Molecular Quantum Dynamics" offers them an accessible introduction. Although the calculation of large systems still presents a challenge - despite the considerable power of modern computers - new strategies have been developed to extend the studies to systems of increasing size. Such strategies are presented after a brief overview of the historical background. Strong emphasis is put on an educational presentation of the fundamental concepts, so that the reader can inform himself about the most important concepts, like eigenstates, wave packets, quantum mechanical resonances, entanglement, etc. The chosen examples highlight that high-level experiments and theory need to work closely together. This book thus is a must-read both for researchers working experimentally or theoretically in the concerned fields, and generally for anyone interested in the exciting world of molecular quantum dynamics.
An introduction to the rapidly evolving methodology of electronic excited states For academic researchers, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, Quantum Chemistry and Dynamics of Excited States: Methods and Applications reports the most updated and accurate theoretical techniques to treat electronic excited states. From methods to deal with stationary calculations through time-dependent simulations of molecular systems, this book serves as a guide for beginners in the field and knowledge seekers alike. Taking into account the most recent theory developments and representative applications, it also covers the often-overlooked gap between theoretical and computational chemistry. An excellent reference for both researchers and students, Excited States provides essential knowledge on quantum chemistry, an in-depth overview of the latest developments, and theoretical techniques around the properties and nonadiabatic dynamics of chemical systems. Readers will learn: ● Essential theoretical techniques to describe the properties and dynamics of chemical systems ● Electronic Structure methods for stationary calculations ● Methods for electronic excited states from both a quantum chemical and time-dependent point of view ● A breakdown of the most recent developments in the past 30 years For those searching for a better understanding of excited states as they relate to chemistry, biochemistry, industrial chemistry, and beyond, Quantum Chemistry and Dynamics of Excited States provides a solid education in the necessary foundations and important theories of excited states in photochemistry and ultrafast phenomena.
This book deals with a central topic at the interface of chemistry and physics - the understanding of how the transformation of matter takes place at the atomic level. Building on the laws of physics, the book focuses on the theoretical framework for predicting the outcome of chemical reactions. The style is highly systematic with attention to basic concepts and clarity of presentation. Molecular reaction dynamics is about the detailed atomic-level description of chemical reactions. Based on quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics or, as an approximation, classical mechanics, the dynamics of uni- and bi-molecular elementary reactions are described. The book features a detailed presentation of transition-state theory which plays an important role in practice, and a comprehensive discussion of basic theories of reaction dynamics in condensed phases. Examples and end-of-chapter problems are included in order to illustrate the theory and its connection to chemical problems.
Quantum phenomena are ubiquitous in complex molecular systems - as revealed by many experimental observations based upon ultrafast spectroscopic techniques - and yet remain a challenge for theoretical analysis. The present volume, based on a May 2005 workshop, examines and reviews the state-of-the-art in the development of new theoretical and computational methods to interpret the observed phenomena. Emphasis is on complex molecular processes involving surfaces, clusters, solute-solvent systems, materials, and biological systems. The research summarized in this book shows that much can be done to explain phenomena in systems excited by light or through atomic interactions. It demonstrates how to tackle the multidimensional dynamics arising from the atomic structure of a complex system, and addresses phenomena in condensed phases as well as phenomena at surfaces. The chapters on new methodological developments cover both phenomena in isolated systems, and phenomena which involve the statistical effects of an environment, such as fluctuations and dissipation. The methodology part explores new rigorous ways to formulate mixed quantum-classical dynamics in many dimensions, along with new ways to solve a many-atom Schroedinger equation, or the Liouville-von Neumann equation for the density operator, using trajectories and ideas related to hydrodynamics. Part I treats applications to complex molecular systems, and Part II covers new theoretical and computational methods
Edited by Nobel Prize-winner Ilya Prigogine and renowned authority Stuart A. Rice, the Advances in Chemical Physics series provides a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations in every area of the discipline. In a format that encourages the expression of individual points of view, experts in the field present comprehensive analyses of subjects of interest. This stand-alone, special topics volume, edited by Gert D. Billing of the University of Copenhagen and Michael Baer of the Soreq Nuclear Research Center in Yavne, Israel, reports recent advances on the role of degenerate states in chemistry. Volume 124 collects innovative papers on "Complex States of Simple Molecular Systems," "Electron Nuclear Dynamics," "Conical Intersections and the Spin-Orbit Interaction," and many more related topics. Advances in Chemical Physics remains the premier venue for presentations of new findings in its field.