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Over the years, the electric power industry has been using optimization methods to help them solve the unit commitment problem. The result has been savings of tens and perhaps hundreds of millions of dollars in fuel costs. Things are changing, however. Optimization technology is improving, and the industry is undergoing radical restructuring. Consequently, the role of commitment models is changing, and the value of the improved solutions that better algorithms might yield is increasing. The dual purpose of this book is to explore the technology and needs of the next generation of computer models for aiding unit commitment decisions. Because of the unit commitment problem's size and complexity and because of the large economic benefits that could result from its improved solution, considerable attention has been devoted to algorithm development in the book. More systematic procedures based on a variety of widely researched algorithms have been proposed and tested. These techniques have included dynamic programming, branch-and-bound mixed integer programming (MIP), linear and network programming approaches, and Benders decomposition methods, among others. Recently, metaheuristic methods have been tested, such as genetic programming and simulated annealing, along with expert systems and neural networks. Because electric markets are changing rapidly, how UC models are solved and what purposes they serve need reconsideration. Hence, the book brings together people who understand the problem and people who know what improvements in algorithms are really possible. The two-fold result in The Next Generation of Electric Power Unit Commitment Models is an assessment of industry needs and new formulations and computational approaches that promise to make unit commitment models more responsive to those needs.
This volume in the SpringerBriefs in Energy series offers a systematic review of unit commitment (UC) problems in electrical power generation. It updates texts written in the late 1990s and early 2000s by including the fundamentals of both UC and state-of-the-art modeling as well as solution algorithms and highlighting stochastic models and mixed-integer programming techniques. The UC problems are mostly formulated as mixed-integer linear programs, although there are many variants. A number of algorithms have been developed for, or applied to, UC problems, including dynamic programming, Lagrangian relaxation, general mixed-integer programming algorithms, and Benders decomposition. In addition the book discusses the recent trends in solving UC problems, especially stochastic programming models, and advanced techniques to handle large numbers of integer- decision variables due to scenario propagation
The unit commitment problem is a fundamental problem in the electric power industry. It addresses a fundamental decision that is taken when operating a power system, namely to set the schedule of power production for each generating unit in the system so that the demand for electricity is met at minimum cost. The schedule must also ensure that each unit operates within its technical limits; these typically include ramping constraints and minimum uptime/downtime constraints. Units that are scheduled to produce electricity during a given time period are said to be committed for that period. Unit Commitment in Electric Energy Systems presents the most relevant mathematical optimization models for the unit commitment problem. It is an ideal starting reference for practitioner and researchers interested in this important and challenging problem, as it introduces the key technical details and summarizing their significance.
About the Book: Electrical power system together with Generation, Distribution and utilization of Electrical Energy by the same author cover almost six to seven courses offered by various universities under Electrical and Electronics Engineering curriculum. Also, this combination has proved highly successful for writing competitive examinations viz. UPSC, NTPC, National Power Grid, NHPC, etc.
An essential overview of post-deregulation market operations inelectrical power systems Until recently the U.S. electricity industry was dominated byvertically integrated utilities. It is now evolving into adistributive and competitive market driven by market forces andincreased competition. With electricity amounting to a $200 billionper year market in the United States, the implications of thisrestructuring will naturally affect the rest of the world. Why is restructuring necessary? What are the components ofrestructuring? How is the new structure different from the oldmonopoly? How are the participants strategizing their options tomaximize their revenues? What are the market risks and how are theyevaluated? How are interchange transactions analyzed and approved?Starting with a background sketch of the industry, this hands-onreference provides insights into the new trends in power systemsoperation and control, and highlights advanced issues in thefield. Written for both technical and nontechnical professionals involvedin power engineering, finance, and marketing, this must-haveresource discusses: * Market structure and operation of electric power systems * Load and price forecasting and arbitrage * Price-based unit commitment and security constrained unitcommitment * Market power analysis and game theory applications * Ancillary services auction market design * Transmission pricing and congestion Using real-world case studies, this timely survey offers engineers,consultants, researchers, financial managers, university professorsand students, and other professionals in the industry acomprehensive review of electricity restructuring and how itsradical effects will shape the market.
A comprehensive text on the operation and control of power generation and transmission systems In the ten years since Allen J. Wood and Bruce F. Wollenberg presented their comprehensive introduction to the engineering and economic factors involved in operating and controlling power generation systems in electric utilities, the electric power industry has undergone unprecedented change. Deregulation, open access to transmission systems, and the birth of independent power producers have altered the structure of the industry, while technological advances have created a host of new opportunities and challenges. In Power Generation, Operation, and Control, Second Edition, Wood and Wollenberg bring professionals and students alike up to date on the nuts and bolts of the field. Continuing in the tradition of the first edition, they offer a practical, hands-on guide to theoretical developments and to the application of advanced operations research methods to realistic electric power engineering problems. This one-of-a-kind text also addresses the interaction between human and economic factors to prepare readers to make real-world decisions that go beyond the limits of mere technical calculations. The Second Edition features vital new material, including: * A computer disk developed by the authors to help readers solve complicated problems * Examination of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) * Treatment of unit commitment expanded to incorporate the Lagrange relaxation technique * Introduction to the use of bounding techniques and other contingency selection methods * Applications suited to the new, deregulated systems as well as to the traditional, vertically organized utilities company Wood and Wollenberg draw upon nearly 30 years of classroom testing to provide valuable data on operations research, state estimation methods, fuel scheduling techniques, and more. Designed for clarity and ease of use, this invaluable reference prepares industry professionals and students to meet the future challenges of power generation, operation, and control.
Electric Energy Systems, Second Edition provides an analysis of electric generation and transmission systems that addresses diverse regulatory issues. It includes fundamental background topics, such as load flow, short circuit analysis, and economic dispatch, as well as advanced topics, such as harmonic load flow, state estimation, voltage and frequency control, electromagnetic transients, etc. The new edition features updated material throughout the text and new sections throughout the chapters. It covers current issues in the industry, including renewable generation with associated control and scheduling problems, HVDC transmission, and use of synchrophasors (PMUs). The text explores more sophisticated protections and the new roles of demand, side management, etc. Written by internationally recognized specialists, the text contains a wide range of worked out examples along with numerous exercises and solutions to enhance understanding of the material. Features Integrates technical and economic analyses of electric energy systems. Covers HVDC transmission. Addresses renewable generation and the associated control and scheduling problems. Analyzes electricity markets, electromagnetic transients, and harmonic load flow. Features new sections and updated material throughout the text. Includes examples and solved problems.
Power system operation is one of the important issues in the power industry. The book aims to provide readers with the methods and algorithms to save the total cost in electricity generation and transmission. It begins with traditional power systems and builds into the fundamentals of power system operation, economic dispatch (ED), optimal power flow (OPF), and unit commitment (UC). The book covers electricity pricing mechanisms, such as nodal pricing and zonal pricing, based on Security-Constrained ED (SCED) or SCUC. The operation of energy market and ancillary service market are also explored. "It covers a wide range of interesting topics, which could be very useful for understanding the main phenomena ruling power systems economy (such as Optimal Power Flow analysis and unit Commitments). It addresses topics widely treated in the literature, hence it is important to outline its distinctive features compared to other similar books. The book is well structured and well balanced." —Alfredo Vaccaro, University of Sannio, Italy
Electric power systems are at the heart of modern society, powering homes, businesses, and industries around the globe. As such, a firm grasp of their fundamental principles is essential for anyone involved in the design, operation, or management of electrical infrastructure. Throughout this book, emphasis is placed not only on theoretical foundations but also on practical insights gleaned from real-world engineering practices. Case studies, examples, and illustrations are utilized to illustrate key concepts and demonstrate their relevance in solving real-world problems.
Focusing on power systems reliability and generating unit commitments, which are essential in the design and evaluation of the electric power systems for planning, control, and operation, this informative volume covers the concepts of basic reliability engineering, such as power system spinning reserve, types of load curves and their objectives and benefits, the electric power exchange, and the system operation constraints. The author explains how the probability theory plays an important role in reliability applications and discusses the probability applications in electric power systems that led to the development of the mathematical models that are illustrated in the book. The algorithms that are presented throughout the chapters will help researchers and engineers to implement their own suitable programs where needed and will also be valuable for students. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) systems are discussed and a number of load estimation models are built for some cases, where their formulas are developed. A number of developed models are presented, including the Kronecker techniques, Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta, System Multiplication Method, or Adams Method; and components with different connections and different distributions are presented. A number of examples are explained showing how to build and evaluate power plants.