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CONTENIDO: Diversidad cultural y valores liberales - La asamblea nacional constituyente, la constitución de 1991 y la tensión entre unidad cultural y diferencia cultural - La Constitución de 1991, la Corte Constitucional y la tensión entre derechos individuales y diferencia radical - El principio de unidad política y el autogobierno de las minorías culturales - Hacia un reconocimiento y un acomodamiento justo de las minorías culturales.
¿Cuál es la aplicabilidad ético-política del modelo de Estado sugerido en la interpretación multicultualista de Charles Taylor y en la explicación universalista de los derechos de Jürgen Habermas respecto a la articulación de las demandas de las comunidades indígenas y la construcción de unidad política democrática en Colombia? La respuesta es planteada luego de evaluar ambos modelos de Estado, los cuales se disputan la solución normativa de ese problema. Se acoge la idea según la cual la condición moral y política a garantizar para que estas comunidades logren realizar sus demandas y necesidades es la participación ciudadana en pie de igualdad de derechos, por medio de una acción inquebrantable de organización, participación y deliberación en el espacio público-político, a través de procedimientos institucionalizados de discusión pública. Desarrolla tres objetivos: mostrar cómo la unidad política en Colombia ha sido casi siempre pensada de espaldas a la diversidad cultural, promoviendo una forma de exclusión-inclusión de las minorías culturales. Evaluar las diferencias ético-políticas entre los modelos planteados por Taylor y Habermas. Y analizar las principales tesis propuestas por intelectuales nacionales sobre una salida a las cuestiones instauradas en Colombia por el nuevo orden constitucional y por la moda multiculturalista. Su novedad radica en la ubicación y la clase de lectura que se hace del conflicto Estado-diversidad cultural en Colombia a partir de la tensión constitucional de 1991, abordado en términos normativos con una lectura práctica y compleja sobre la racionalidad política que hoy está en juego no sólo en Colombia, sino también en Latinoamérica. Se incluyen: la sociedad como espacio de interacción entre ciudadanos que compiten entre sí regulados por el derecho, la sociedad civil con capacidad de dirigir el sistema de poder estatal, la inclusión del otro sin pedir que abandone su forma de vida cultural, la pluralidad como recurso de aprendizaje, entre otros.
Bringing together the expertise of dozens of Latin American scholars, Latin America's Multicultural Movements examines multicultural rights recognition in theory and in practice. The authors move beyond abstract debates common in the literature on multiculturalism to examine indigenous rights recognition in different real-world settings, comparing cases in unitary states (Bolivia, Ecuador) with subnational autonomy regimes in Mexico's federal states (Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Yucat?n).
Multiculturalism is now seen by many of its critics as the source of intercultural and social tensions, fostering communal segregation and social conflicts. While the cultural diversity of contemporary societies has to be acknowledged as an empirical and demographic fact, whether multiculturalism as a policy offers an optimal conduit for intercultural understanding and social harmony has become increasingly a matter of polarised public debate. This book examines the contested philosophical foundations of multiculturalism and its, often controversial, applications in the context of migrant societies. It also explores the current theoretical debates about the extent to which multiculturalism, and related conceptual constructs, can account for the various ethical challenges and policy dilemmas surrounding the management of cultural diversity in our contemporary societies. The authors consider common conceptual and empirical features from a transnational perspective through analysis of the case studies of Australia, Canada, Columbia, Germany, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Uruguay. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of political science, comparative politics, international studies, multiculturalism, migration and political sociology.
This book examines the foundations of multiculturalism in the context of émigré societies and from a multi-dimensional perspective. The work considers the politics of multiculturalism and focuses on how the discourse of cultural rights and intercultural relations in western societies can and should be accounted for at a philosophical, as well as performative level. Theoretical perspectives on current debates about cultural diversity, religious minorities and minority rights emerge in this volume. The book draws our attention to the polarised nature of contemporary multicultural debates through a well-synthesised series of empirical case studies that are grounded in solid epistemological foundations and contributed by leading experts from around the world. Readers will discover a fresh re-examination of prominent multicultural settings such as Canada and Australia but also an emphasis on less examined case studies among multicultural societies, as with New Zealand and Italy. Authors engage critically and innovatively with the various ethical challenges and policy dilemmas surrounding the management of cultural and religious diversity in our contemporary societies. Comparative perspectives and a focus on core questions related to multiculturalism, not only at the level of practice but also from historical and philosophical perspectives, tie these chapters from different disciplines together. This work will appeal to a multi-disciplinary audience, including scholars of political philosophy, sociology, religious studies and those with an interest in migration, culture and religion in contemporary societies.
The first decades of the new millennium have been marked by major political changes. Although The West has wished to revisit internal and international politics concerning migration policies, refugee status, integration, secularism, and the dismantling of communitarianism, events like the Syrian refugee crisis, the terrorist attacks in France in 2015-2016, and the economic crisis of 2008 have resurrected concepts such as national identity, integration, citizenship and re-shaping state policies in many developed countries. In France and Canada, more recent public elections have brought complex democratic political figures like Emmanuel Macron and Justin Trudeau to the public eye. Both leaders were elected based on their promising political agendas that aimed at bringing their countries into the new millennium; Trudeau promotes multiculturalism, while Macron touts the diverse nation and the inclusion of diverse ethnic communities to the national model. This edited collection aims to establish a dialogue between these two countries and across disciplines in search of such discursive illustrations and opposing discourses. Analyzing the cultural and political tensions between minority groups and the state in light of political events that question ideas of citizenship and belonging to a multicultural nation, the chapters in this volume serve as a testimonial to the multiple views on the political and public perception of multicultural practices and their national and international applicability to our current geopolitical context.
This book presents a comparative analysis of the struggles of Latin American indigenous peoples for effective representation in national political systems in the region. Through a detailed exploration of the political dynamics of indigenous groups and examples of mechanisms of political representation, the studies in this book reveal how power relations, cleavages and indigenous civil society organizations are essential to our understanding of indigenous political participation. These studies closely inspect how collective action builds up at local level in grassroots organizations, and how it then articulates or not with larger mechanisms of regional and national political representation, providing a more comprehensive and comparative assessment of why and when representation works and fails for indigenous people. This contributed volume is organized around one general and comparative chapter on indigenous political representation in Latin America followed by eight case studies, divided into three main groups. The first group includes cases with a more inclusive political environment, such as Bolivia, Ecuador and Guatemala. The second group brings together cases with certain representation and/or active indigenous elites: Colombia, Mexico, and Paraguay. Tthe third group presents outlier cases with potential indigenous issues: Peru and Chile. Finally, the last chapter brings together reflections on how mechanisms for effective political representation can be improved and how indigenous organizations can be fostered to ensure effective political representation. Indigenous Political Representation in Latin America will be of interest to political scientists, sociologists and anthropologists studying both indigenous collective action and political representation by presenting a discussion on how to structure representation mechanisms capable of politically integrate the ethnic diversity of Latin American countries in order to build a multicultural citizenship. It will also help policy makers and activists by discussing the successes and failures of effective indigenous political representation in Latin America.