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A study of efficiency and equity implications of flat fare systems using revenue, cost, trip making, and demographic data from transit operators serving the Los Angeles, Oakland, and San Diego areas.
The 394 citations in this bibliography deal with some of the most critical problems confronting transit operators and government bodies in a period of rising operating costs and increasing problems in assuring adequate subsidies. Nearly all are from U. S. sources and the majority are from the past ten years. They include technical reports, journal articles and dissertations.
The Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration requested that the Transportation Research Board and the Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education of the National Research Council conduct a study of congestion pricing for congestion management. To conduct this study, the National Research Council established the Committee for Study on Urban Transportation Congestion Pricing. The committee's deliberations were supplemented by liaison representatives from several groups concerned about the benefits and costs of congestion pricing. After a review of the literature, and drawing from its expertise, the committee commissioned papers on a variety of topics. Volume 1 contains the committee's overview of the material contained in the commissioned papers, its conclusions, and its recommendations regarding the potential of congestion pricing, the need for evaluation of early demonstrations, and other research needs. Volume 2 provides a rich array of information about individual case studies from around the nation and thoughtful analyses by individual scholars about many of the critical issues surrounding congestion pricing., as revised by their authors after the symposium.
Transport Justice develops a new paradigm for transportation planning based on principles of justice. Author Karel Martens starts from the observation that for the last fifty years the focus of transportation planning and policy has been on the performance of the transport system and ways to improve it, without much attention being paid to the persons actually using – or failing to use – that transport system. There are far-reaching consequences of this approach, with some enjoying the fruits of the improvements in the transport system, while others have experienced a substantial deterioration in their situation. The growing body of academic evidence on the resulting disparities in mobility and accessibility, have been paralleled by increasingly vocal calls for policy changes to address the inequities that have developed over time. Drawing on philosophies of social justice, Transport Justice argues that governments have the fundamental duty of providing virtually every person with adequate transportation and thus of mitigating the social disparities that have been created over the past decades. Critical reading for transport planners and students of transportation planning, this book develops a new approach to transportation planning that takes people as its starting point, and justice as its end.