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Fatigue of Metals provides a general account of the failure of metals due to fatigue, a subject of great practical importance in the field of engineering and metallurgy. The book covers a wide range of topics on the study of the fatigue of metals. The text presents in the first three chapters the characteristics and detection of fatigue fractures; methods of fatigue testing; and the fatigue strengths of different materials. The resistance of materials to fatigue under complex stress; the determination and effects of stress concentration; influence of surface treatment on fatigue strength; and effects of corrosion and temperature are also studied in detail. In relation to the previous chapters of fatigue information, a chapter is devoted to engineering design to prevent fatigue. The last two chapters provide a brief historical survey of the developments of the study of the mechanism of fatigue and fatigue of non-metallic materials such as wood, plastic, rubber, glass, and concrete. Mechanical engineers, designers, metallurgists, researchers, and students will find the book as a good reference material.
Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys provides an understanding of shape memory by defining terms, properties, and applications. It includes tutorials, overviews, and specific design examples—all written with the intention of minimizing the science and maximizing the engineering aspects. Although the individual chapters have been written by many different authors, each one of the best in their fields, the overall tone and intent of the book is not that of a proceedings, but that of a textbook. The book consists of five parts. Part I deals with the mechanism of shape memory and the alloys that exhibit the effect. It also defines many essential terms that will be used in later parts. Part II deals primarily with constrained recovery, but to some extent with free recovery. There is an introductory paper which defines terms and principles, then several specific examples of products based on constrained recovery. Both Parts III and IV deal with actuators. Part III introduces engineering principles while Part IV presents several of the specific examples. Finally, Part V deals with superelasticity, with an introductory paper and then several specific examples of product engineering.
Cast iron tends to be more economical to manufacture than steel, but its microstructure is riddled with internal defects. With improvements in casting technology, cast iron can compete with steel in some applications due to the ability to maintain similar strength. One objective of this study was to analyze data obtained from literature and make predictive correlations between tensile, microstructural, and fatigue properties. Another objective of this study was to evaluate tensile and compressive mean stress effects on smooth and notched fatigue behavior of 120-90-02 ductile cast iron experimentally, as well as analytically by using predictive models. The relationship between these two objectives is such that with successful correlations of fatigue limit with mechanical properties, fewer experiments could be performed to verify analytical results. This grade of cast iron was selected by Eaton Corporation, who helped fund this study. The material, 120-90-02 ductile cast iron, was machined and heat-treated as provided by Eaton Corporation. Neuber's rule, strain energy density, and finite element methods were used to obtain stresses and strains at the notch. Modified Goodman, Smith- iv Watson-Topper, FKM and the Fatemi-Socie mean stress parameters were used to account for mean stress effect on fatigue life of both smooth and notched specimens. Mean stress levels were chosen such that the R-ratios in load-controlled tests were -8, -7, -3, -1, 0, 1/3, 0.5, and 0.75. By understanding the fatigue behavior of material under varying degrees of mean stress, design safety can be improved by properly accounting for the effect of mean stress that a component may be subjected to. The Smith-Watson-Topper mean stress parameter proved to be the best method for life prediction for both smooth and notched specimens, based on the nominal stress approach. Using the local approach, which considers notch root stresses and strains, the Fatemi-Socie fatigue parameter used with the strain energy density rule provided better results compared to the Smith-Watson-Topper mean stress parameter.
Optimal design using advanced materials is an ever more progressive and challenging domain within applied mechanics. Here is an invaluable self-contained source of information concerning methods of calculation of fatigue limits and lifetimes of structural elements.
This book is intended to serve as core text or handy reference on two key areas of metallic materials: (i) mechanical behavior and properties evaluated by mechanical testing; and (ii) different types of metal working or forming operations to produce useful shapes. The book consists of 16 chapters which are divided into two parts. The first part contains nine chapters which describe tension (including elastic stress – strain relation, relevant theory of plasticity, and strengthening methods), compression, hardness, bending, torsion – pure shear, impact loading, creep and stress rupture, fatigue, and fracture. The second part is composed of seven chapters and covers fundamentals of mechanical working, forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing of flat strip, round bar, and tube, deep drawing, and high-energy rate forming. The book comprises an exhaustive description of mechanical properties evaluated by testing of metals and metal working in sufficient depth and with reasonably wide coverage. The book is written in an easy-to-understand manner and includes many solved problems. More than 150 numerical problems and many multiple choice questions as exercise along with their answers have also been provided. The mathematical analyses are well elaborated without skipping any intermediate steps. Slab method of analysis or free-body equilibrium approach is used for the analytical treatment of mechanical working processes. For hot working processes, different frictional conditions (sliding, sticking and mixed sticking–sliding) have been considered to estimate the deformation loads. In addition to the slab method of analysis, this book also contains slip-line field theory, its application to the static system, and the steady state motion, Further, this book includes upper-bound theorem, and upper-bound solutions for indentation, compression, extrusion and strip drawing. The book can be used to teach graduate and undergraduate courses offered to students of mechanical, aerospace, production, manufacturing and metallurgical engineering disciplines. The book can also be used for metallurgists and practicing engineers in industry and development courses in the metallurgy and metallic manufacturing industries.
The first book to present current methods and techniques of fatigue analysis, with a focus on developing basic skills for selecting appropriate analytical techniques. Contains numerous worked examples, chapter summaries, and problems. (vs. Fuchs/Stevens).