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The term arecanut (Areca catechu L.) means the cluster of nuts. Emergence of the value added arecanut products have given a real boost to arecanut economy in India. Primary data on cost of cultivation of arecanut, perception regarding the constraints and awareness with special focus on emerging alternative arecanut products were collected from the sample farmers, consumers and traders of the sample area. The major source of data for the study was the sample farmers chosen from the selected taluks Viz., Thirthahalli, Kadur, Puttur, Vittla, Tumkur and Hollakere. The data pertain to the consumers and traders were collected from the selected districts namely Shimoga, Mangalore and Bangalore. In order to examine factors influencing the gross returns in arecanut, a regression analysis was carried out. Initially different types of functional forms were examined based on the co-efficient of determination (R2), adjusted R2 and Akaike Information Criterion. Finally the linear form chosen as a better fit based on the explanatory power, which is the co-efficient of determination (R2) and the significance of regression co-efficient. The dependent variable included in the model was gross returns in arecanut. Garret ranking were used to analyze the perception of farmers on production, market and policy based threats. Willingness to consume nutriceutical arecanut products logit analysis was conducted. The secondary data on alternative uses of arecanut were used to analyse the returns from alternative/potential uses of arecanut. Arecanut economy is currently facing crisis from several fronts. Legal Intervention to ban some of the value added products like ghutka is one of the threats which can curtail the demand considerably. Keeping these in background the present study has made an attempt to study the cost of cultivation, major threats, alternative uses of arecanut and awareness among consumers and traders.
Study with special reference to Shimoga District, India.
The book traces the history of forestry since the middle of the 19th century in the erstwhile territorial units that constitute the present state of Karnataka, in India. It provides glimpses of the forest policy and management of the British Indian government which had laid the foundations of scientific forestry in the Indian subcontinent. A chronological account of the development of national forest policies, plans, and strategies in post-independent India has also been given in the context of their impact on forest management in the states. The book dwells comprehensively on multifarious aspects of forestry including the challenges faced by a forester in a situation of increasing demand and shrinking forest. It highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the forest administration and recommends strategies to protect the remaining natural forest and to increase the tree cover everywhere to effectively confront the specter of environmental catastrophes facing the planet earth. The book has brought out the inseparable and intrinsic relationship of mutual interdependence between forest and water – two of the most important natural resources on which the future of mankind depends, and calls for urgent action. With detailed data, analysis, and inferences derived with an open mind, the book forms a reference document for the present and future foresters. Problems of the forestry sector in the developing world are similar. Although the book focuses on the forestry scenario in Karnataka, lessons learned and strategies recommended for forest conservation are relevant across a larger landscape, with similar challenges and problems.
Nuts, including peanuts, have always been an important part of the human diet. They are nutrient-dense food products containing health-friendly lipids, beneficial phytonutrients, and other essential vitamins and minerals. Basic, clinical, and epidemiological research is now being directed towards understanding the mechanisms by which nuts influence human health and developing dietary guidelines for their optimum consumption. Research is also being directed towards the issues of fungal contamination of nuts, associated risks to human health, and methods of minimizing such risks. This book addresses these topics in chapters written by international experts in the field.
This book was first published in 1991 and was well received by students, teachers and researchers in many universities and institutes in India and abroad. In the past 28 years (since its first publication), tremendous progress have been made in temperate fruit research, notably in developing varieties and rootstocks, canopy management, understanding the flowering physiology, storage technology, biological control of pests and diseases, resistance breeding, biotechnology, etc., Revision of the book with updated information was considered necessary. In the process of a comprehensive literature survey it was felt impossible to compile all the information in one volume. This enlarged edition on temperate fruits is, therefore, published in tow volumes. The first volume consists of pome and stone fruits (apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots and cherries) in more than 550 pages. The second volume deals with temperate nuts and berries (almonds, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnut, strawberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blueberries and cranberries) in about 650 pages. Apart from through revision with updated scientific information on various aspects of mentioned pome, stone, nuts and berries, substantial reorganization of the text has been made. Emphasis has been laid to include released cultivars and rootstocks, recent trends in propagation and orchard management, pruning and canopy management, nutrition and tissue analysis, water management, improved technology for harvesting, postharvest handling, storage and ripening. Special emphasis has been laid to include the development in breeding and improvement through biotechnological approaches like molecular markers, genetic transformation, genetic map and microbes for N and P input. Other information like organic production technology, protected cultivation and impact of climate change are included, where sufficient information is available. Though the subject is vast, this two volumes book presents the concepts in a condensed, informative and lucid manner. It will be immense help to the students, teachers and researchers of horticulture, plant science, plant physiology and plant protection.
Sustainable livelihood security of resource poor farmers is the top priority for the nation today. However, there is wide gap in productivity of various horticultural commodities among different eco-regions, where horticulture can play significant role particularly in arid and semi arid regions, it is far below than the potential productivity. Hence, sustained and steady growth in rural income is critical for positive impact on living standard of various stakeholders. Therefore, an appropriate strategy needs to be devised for such climatically vulnerable regions. The net income of farmers can surely be increased by efficient management of nutrient, water and agri-input, integrated horticulture based farming system, better market price realization, post harvest management and value addition, integration of secondary enterprises and thereby improving productivity of arid and semi-arid horticultural crops. In this book, several such interventions are given in the form of various chapters which will be of immense use improving the productivity and profitability of horticultural commodities. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This title is co-published with NIPA.
In order to popularize organic farming among the farmers, it is felt that such technologies without the use of any inorganic fertilizers and plant protection chemicals are made available to them. Though many technologies have been generated but, there continues to be considerable gap between the needs and availability. This book, "Organic Farming in Plantation Crops" written by experts in the field, covering organic farming practices of important plantation crops, tries to bridge this gap. As valuable source of information to all those involved in organic farming including scientists, developmental personnel, policy makers, NGOs and farmers, it is expected to stimulate and motivate more intensified R & D efforts, favourable policy initiatives to spread organic farming of plantation crops at the grass roots level for the production of safe food under healthy environmental conditions.
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements 1. Cashew - Origin and Distribution 2. Growth and Development 3. Crop Improvement 4. Climate and Soil 5. Propagation 6. Planting and Management 7. Nutrition 8. Crop Protection 9. Cashew nut Production Technology for Indian States 10. Cashew nut Processing 11. Processing Equipment and Packaging 12. Export Specifications and Quality 13. By products of cashew industry 14. Cashew Apple Utilization 15. Cashew nut Recipes REFERENCES APPENDICES INDEX