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Dynamics of Degeneration and Growth in Neurons is a collection of papers presented at the International Symposium on the Dynamics of Degeneration and Growth in Neurons, held in Stockholm, Sweden, on May 16-18, 1973. Contributors explore the dynamics of degeneration and growth of central and peripheral neurons, touching on a wide range of topics such as the neurotoxic action of 6-hydroxy-dopa on central catecholamine neurons; axonal transport of proteins in growing and regenerating neurons; and collateral reinnervation in the central nervous system. Comprised of 50 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of degeneration processes in central and peripheral neurons. Results of microfluorimetric and neurochemical studies on degenerating and regenerating adrenergic nerves are presented. The next section is devoted to axoplasmic transport as a mechanism for axonal support and growth and includes chapters dealing with the effects of degeneration and axoplasmic transport blockade on synaptic ultrastructure, function, and protein composition; the role of axoplasmic flow in trophism of skeletal muscle; and proximodistal transport of acetylcholine in peripheral cholinergic neurons. The remaining chapters discuss the nerve growth factor receptor and its specific binding in sympathetic ganglia; the noradrenergic innervation of cerebellar Purkinje cells; and the possible role of brain and peripheral monoamines in the ontogenesis of normal and drug-induced responses in the immature mammal. This book will be of interest to physiologists and neurologists.
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
This book is a collection of classical as well as innovative methods used to investigate axon degeneration with a particular focus on addressing the common challenges encountered while performing these procedures. Particular attention is devoted to the study of axon loss in several model organisms, as each poses unique challenges and provides powerful advantages. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Axon Degeneration: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for facilitating the application and further development of these protocols, which will help the scientific community tackle important questions regarding axon degeneration. Chapters 2, 3, and 20 are available Open Access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
The story of mammalian neural transplantation really begins eighty-one years ago. In Chicago in December of 1903, a 34-year-old physician, Elizabeth Hopkins Dunn, working as a research assistant in neurology, initiated a series of experiments to examine the ability of neonatal rat cerebral tissue to survive transplantation into the brain of matched littermates. Out of 46 attempts, four clearly successful grafts were identified. The publication of Dunn's results in 1917, the first credible report to demonstrate the feasibility of mammalian CNS transplants, generated little interest. In fact, the next significant experiment in this field did not appear until 1930. The field continued to grow slowly and quietly as investigators gradually realized the value of neural trans plantation to study problems of development and plasticity in the mammalian nervous system. With the discovery in 1979 that grafted neurons were capable of appropriate and functional interactions with the host brain, interest in neural transplantation esca lated sharply. The extraordinary opportunities created by using functional neural trans plants in investigating basic issues in neurobiology, as well as the clinical implications, excited both scientists and the public. The popularity of neural transplantation has been growing rapidly in the past five years and shows no signs of abating. The present volume was designed to meet two needs created by the rapid growth of this subdiscipline of neurobiology. The first was to provide a thorough review of the experimental foundations of neural transplantation.
It is currently impossible to grow lichens under controlled conditions in the laboratory in sufficient quantity for physiological experiments. Lichen growth is slow and conditions which might accelerate the process tend to favour either the algal or fungal partner, resulting in the breakdown of balance symbiosis. Lichen physiologists are therefore forced to use field-grown material with all the problems associated with the unknown influences of unpredictable and unreproducible climatic conditions. Study of major biochemical topics, such as the nature of the carbohydrate and nitrogenous compounds passing between the symbionts, is less influenced by climatic conditions than the intrinsic nature of the symbionts and many advances have been made in these areas. Recently, the challenge of using field-grown plant material, the physiological status of which is intimately linked to environmental conditions, has proved to be a stimulus rather than a hindrance to a number of research groups. The occurrence of lichens in extreme habitats has prompted a number of field and laboratory studies with material from such diverse localities as the cold deserts of Antarctica and the temperate rain forests of the New Zealand bush. A comparative approach, using contrasted species or habitats from a particular geographical region has yielded much information and an appreciation of the variety of physiological adaptations which may exist. The close linkage between morphology and physiology is now being directly demonstrated, as is the relevance of ultrastructural information.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Neurotransmission is the second volume of the proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Pharmacology, organized by the Finnish Pharmacological Society and held in Helsinki, Finland, on July 20-25, 1975. The papers focus on the developments in neurotransmission and cover topics ranging from novel transmitter substances and extraneuronal uptake of catecholamines to axonal transport mechanisms and nerve growth factor. This volume has 28 chapters divided into five sections. After discussing the possible functional role of certain tryptaminergic pathways, this book turns its attention to the metabolism of endogenous noradrenaline, with emphasis on the role of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG). The chapters that follow focus on amino acids as possible neurotransmitters, including histamine and glutamate. This text discusses as well the mechanisms underlying extraneuronal amine uptake and metabolism in the salivary glands; the effect of oxytetracycline on the responses of various tissue preparations to added noradrenaline and to field stimulation; and how axoplasmic transport is blocked by pharmacological agents. This book will be of interest to scientists representing all the major areas of pharmacology, including clinical pharmacology and toxicology, as well as interdisciplinary areas related to physiology, biochemistry, and endocrinology. Many of the topics will also appeal to internists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and anaesthesiologists.