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Static hedge portfolios for barrier options are very sensitive with respect to changes of the volatility surface. To prevent potentially significant hedging losses this book develops a static super-replication strategy with market-typical robustness against volatility, skew and liquidity risk as well as model errors. Empirical results and various numerical examples confirm that the static superhedge successfully eliminates the risk of a changing volatility surface. Combined with associated sub-replication strategies this leads to robust price bounds for barrier options which are also relevant in the context of dynamic hedging. The mathematical techniques used to prove appropriate existence, duality and convergence results range from financial mathematics, stochastic and semi-infinite optimization, convex analysis and partial differential equations to semidefinite programming.
With ever-increasing workloads on production systems from transaction, batch, online query and reporting applications, the challenges of high availability and workload balancing are more important than ever. This IBM® Redbooks® publication provides descriptions and scenarios for high availability solutions using the Q Replication technology of the IBM InfoSphere® Data Replication product on the IBM z/OS® platform. Also included are key considerations for designing, implementing, and managing solutions for the typical business scenarios that rely on Q Replication for their high availability solution. This publication also includes sections on latency analysis, managing Q Replication in the IBM DB2® for z/OS environment, and recovery procedures. These are topics of particular interest to clients who implement the Q Replication solution on the z/OS platform. Q Replication is a high-volume, low-latency replication solution that uses IBM WebSphere® MQ message queues to replicate transactions between source and target databases or subsystems. A major business benefit of the low latency and high throughput solution is timely availability of the data where the data is needed. High availability solutions are implemented to minimize the impact of planned and unplanned disruptions of service to the applications. Disruption of service can be caused by software maintenance and upgrades or by software and hardware outages. As applications' high availability requirements evolve towards continuous availability, that is availability of the data 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, so does the Q Replication solution, to meet these challenges. If you are interested in the Q Replication solution and how it can be used to implement some of the high availability requirements of your business scenarios, this book is for you.
The volume presents new insights into two basic theoretical issues hotly debated in recent work on grammaticalization and language contact: grammatical replication and grammatical borrowability. The key issues are: How can grammatical replication be distinguished from other, superficially similar processes of contact-induced linguistic change, and under what conditions does it take place? Are there grammatical morphemes or constructions that are more easily borrowed than others, and how can language contact account for areal biases in the borrowing (vs. calquing) of grammatical formatives? The book is a major contribution to the ongoing theoretical discussion concerning the relationship between grammaticalization and language contact on a broad empirical basis.
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Book Description Understanding Directory Servicesclarifies the complex topic of directory services, starting with basic theory and archetypes, and then working its way up to the current directory service implementations. It describes the basic idea behind directory services, explaining the underlying conceptual models, design characteristics, and methods of managing distributed information. The book begins with an overview of directory services and their core characteristics, highlighting critical aspects of directory information, distribution, and storage. The evolving nature of the information the directory contains, and the factors involved in organizing and managing it are discussed in detail, and then methods of information distribution and storage are examined at length. After exploring the basics of directory service, the book progresses to in-depth chapters on each of the critical technologies being used to implement directory services: * The X.500standards are explained to help you understand the foundations of directory services and provide a basis for comparison of the other directory technologies. *Lightweight Directory Access Protocol(LDAP) and its emerging role as a directory access standard is described in detail, with thorough explanations of models, naming, and operations. *The Domain Name System(DNS) is examined from a directory service perspective, noting parallels in structures and operations. This knowledge of directory services is then used to describe the design of X.500 and LDAP based directory service products, as well as NDS eDirectory and Active Directory, highlighting the architectural and operational implications of vendor's design decisions. This book: * Explores X.500-based directory products (eTrust, DirX, Nexor), and highlights implementation approaches and capabilities. * Describes the LDAP-based directory products (OpenLDAP, SecureWay, iPlanet), identifying similarities and differences between them. * ExplainsNDS eDirectorydescribing the underlying directory architecture and its foundations in X.500, and its evolution from an NOS-based directory to a general purpose directory service. * Examines howActive Directoryintegrates NT 4, LDAP, and DNS technologies into a directory service that leverages established Windows networks. * Explores the information management issues that meta-directories (Siemens DirXmetahub, iPlanet meta-directory, Microsoft Meta-directory Services, Novell DirXML) are designed to address, and characteristics of different types of meta-directory solutions (as well as Radiant Logic'sRadiant Onevirtual directory server). * Identifies the design of XML-based directory markup languages that map directory schema, objects, and operations providing directory interoperability. The final chapter is focused on helping you evaluate directory services in the context of your business and network environment. Information, business, and network control factors are identified, and key factors in directory service assessment are explained. Understanding Directory Servicesis an excellent reference for directory service technologies that includes extensive references and aglossarycontaining 385 directory service terms. By explaining key directory technologies, and the integration of those technologies, this book provides the information you need to understand the design and operations involved in all directory services. From the Back Cover Understanding Directory Servicesis the most in-depth resource available on directory services theory, architecture, and design. It provides the conceptual framework and critical technical information for IT professionals who are using directory services in their networks or e-business solutions. The 1st edition of this book covered the underlying directory service technologies (X.500, LDAP, DNS), and integrated the information from a networking perspective with a special focus on eDirectory and Active Directory. The 2nd Edition extends this coverage to the LDAP-based directories (such as iPlanet and SecureWay) and the X.500-based enterprise directory services (including eTrust, DirX, and Nexor), as well as the emerging meta-directory technologies and products which are crucial to the integration of the multiple directories in an enterprise networking environment. By explaining the origins and technologies of directory services, and clarifying the integration of key directory technologies into network and e-commerce platforms,Understanding Directory Servicesgives you the information you need to understand the underlying design and operations involved in all directory services. Reviews of the first edition Warren E. Wyrostek -- MCP Magazine ...superb, comprehensive...highly recommend it to all network professionals...a must read for anyone wrestling with deploying a directory service... Douglas Ludens -- About.com ...clearly organized and well written...a great book, I highly recommend it...essential to doing well with Windows 2000...
DNA replication, the process of copying one double stranded DNA molecule to produce two identical copies, is at the heart of cell proliferation. This book highlights new insights into the replication process in eukaryotes, from the assembly of pre-replication complex and features of DNA replication origins, through polymerization mechanisms, to propagation of epigenetic states. It also covers cell cycle control of replication initiation and includes the latest on mechanisms of replication in prokaryotes. The association between genome replication and transcription is also addressed. We hope that readers will find this book interesting, helpful and inspiring.
Advances in Probiotics: Microorganisms in Food and Health highlights recent advances in probiotic microorganisms, commercial probiotics, safety aspects of probiotics, preparation and commercialization, microbiome therapy for diseases and disorders, and next generation probiotics. This is a comprehensive resource of developments of new formulations and products for probiotic and prebiotic food with focus on the microorganisms to enable effective probiotic delivery. The book deliberates contemporary trends and challenges, risks, limitations in probiotic and prebiotic food to deliver an understanding not only for research development purposes but also to benefit further standardize industrial requirements and other techno-functional traits of probiotics. At present there is no solitary volume to describe the probiotics and prebiotics properties, Advances in Probiotics: Microorganisms in Food and Health provides novel information to fill the overall gap in the market. It presents the most current information on probiotic and prebiotics for the food industry. This book is a valuable resource for academicians, researchers, food industrialists, and entrepreneurs. - Presents a simulated gastrointestinal system to analyze the probiotics effects on gut microbiome for learning purpose - Includes research information on Next Generation Probiotics to foster new formulations - Provides comprehensive information on probiotic microorganism behavior for more accurate analysis - Discusses the potential of probiotic and prebiotic foods in preventing disease
Bacteria are among the earliest forms of life on Earth. Notwithstanding their small size and primitive origin, bacteria still have a tremendous impact on everyday human life. Over the centuries, research into bacteria have provided and enriched the fundamental biological knowledge due to their readily measured processes and effects on higher organisms. Although molecular genetics and microbiology were among the scientific fields that have mostly benefited from the discoveries made in bacteria, our current state of knowledge has gone beyond what anyone could have ever imagined. The present Research Topic aims to cover new and exciting broad aspects of the importance of bacteria to human life, both positive and negative influences. Regulation of bacterial gene expression, replication and segregation control mechanisms, cell to cell communication via quorum sensors, and the relatively recent finding of bacterial immunity via CRISPR, have led to the development of many, and very important new tools in biotechnology and the emerging field of molecular medicine. The battle against infectious diseases has also benefited from the genetic approaches that have been developed in the quest for finding new targets and novel drugs against pathogenic bacteria. At the next level, the human microbiome project has opened up new avenues in understanding the role of bacteria in human health and wellbeing. Finally, the relationship between bacterial infections and human cancers will also be covered, a subject that is still under verification through rigorous experimental approaches. Special emphasis will be given to the bacterial accessory genome, i.e the mobilome, as the primary cause of health-threatening antimicrobial resistance and the production of toxins and virulence factors. Taking into account the evolutionary importance of horizontal gene transfer and the additional beneficial roles of certain bacterial mobile genetic elements, they help project best “the Good, the Bad and the Ugly” outline of this topic. At the time this eBook is about to be published, our Research Topic has registered nearly 55, 000 views.