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In Doing Good and Ridding Evil in Ming China: The Political Career of Wang Yangming, George L. Israel offers a detailed study of this influential Neo-Confucian philosopher’s official career and military campaigns.
Bresciani, Umberto, Wang Yangming – An Essential Biography, Passerino Editore, 2016. This is a biography – the first in Western languages - of an extraordinary man, who has fascinated countless people in the last five centuries. Wang Yangming was a philosopher, a military and political leader, and a poet and artist; but most of all a spiritual master for all those who came to him in search for a guide on the path to wisdom. The stages of his eventful life are presented in twelve chapters, while three appendices illustrate the doctrines for which he has remained famous (Appendix 1), his spiritual and cultural legacy (Appendix 2), and various interpretations of such a complex figure, especially from the point of view of East-West comparative philosophy (Appendix 3). Umberto Bresciani 1942 Born in Ca’d’Andrea, Cremona, Italy. 1962 High School Graduate (Maturità Classica), Liceo Ballerini, Seregno (MI), Italy. 1968 Licentiate of Philosophy & Theology, Studentato Teologico Saveriano, Parma, Italy. 1969 Entered Chinese Language Institute (Annexed to Fujen University, Taipei, Taiwan). 1973 B.A. (major: History; minor: Chinese Studies), University of Maryland (U.S.A.), Far East Division. 1975 M.A. Chinese Literature, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 1983 Ph. D. Chinese Literature, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Professor of Italian Language: National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei (since 1974). Professor, Dept. of Italian Language & Culture, Fujen University, Xinzhuang, Taipei, Taiwan (since 2003). Umberto Bresciani has lived in Taiwan for over 40 years. His main interest is Chinese philosophical and religious thought and comparative theological studies. Main publications Books: Xifang hanxuejia yanjiu wenshidongyi de shangdui (Evaluation of research by Western sinologists on the Wenshidongyi), dissertation for the Ph.D., Chinese Literature, Taipei: National Taiwan University, May 1983. Reinventing Confucianism: The New Confucian Movement, Taipei: Ricci Institute, 2001. La filosofia cinese nel ventesimo secolo – I nuovi confuciani, Roma: Urbaniana University Press, 2009. Il primo principio della filosofia confuciana, Ebook: Passerino Editore, 10 giugno 2014.
China's rapid rise as a regional and global power is one of the most important political developments of the twenty-first century. Yet the West still largely overlooks or oversimplifies the complex ideas and ideals that have shaped the country’s national and international transformation from antiquity to the present day. In this beautifully written introductory text, Youngmin Kim offers a uniquely incisive survey of the major themes in Chinese political thought from customary community to empire, exploring their theoretical importance and the different historical contexts in which they arose. Challenging traditional assumptions about Chinese nationalism and Marxist history, Kim shows that "China" does not have a fixed, single identity, but rather is a constantly moving target. His probing, interdisciplinary approach traces the long and nuanced history of Chinese thought as a true tradition anchored in certain key themes, many of which began in the early dynasties and still resonate in China today. Only by appreciating this rich history, he argues, can we begin to understand the intricacies and contradictions of contemporary Chinese politics, economy, and society.
"""Shrines to Living Men in the Ming Political Cosmos"", the first book focusing on premortem shrines in any era of Chinese history, places the institution at the intersection of politics and religion. When a local official left his post, grateful subjects housed an image of him in a temple, requiting his grace: that was the ideal model. By Ming times, the “living shrine” was legal, old, and justified by readings of the classics.Sarah Schneewind argues that the institution could invite and pressure officials to serve local interests; the policies that had earned a man commemoration were carved into stone beside the shrine. Since everyone recognized that elite men might honor living officials just to further their own careers, premortem shrine rhetoric stressed the role of commoners, who embraced the opportunity by initiating many living shrines. This legitimate, institutionalized political voice for commoners expands a scholarly understanding of “public opinion” in late imperial China, aligning it with the efficacy of deities to create a nascent political conception Schneewind calls the “minor Mandate of Heaven.” Her exploration of premortem shrine theory and practice illuminates Ming thought and politics, including the Donglin Party’s battle with eunuch dictator Wei Zhongxian and Gu Yanwu’s theories."
This important contribution to imperial Chinese history illuminates the basic concerns of the Ming state. Eminent scholar John W. Dardess shows in fascinating detail how Emperor Jiajing and his grand secretaries managed affairs of state and how personal ambition and policy differences combined to animate imperial political life. At the top sat Jiajing, industrious, religious, knowledgeable, ritually pious, but short-tempered and cruel. His chief assistants during his forty-six-year reign were his four successive grand secretaries. First was Zhang Fujing, a hard-minded bureaucratic fighter and ideologue, life coach to Jiajing during his youth. Then came Xia Yan, a superb technocrat who was executed for his part in a major policy dispute. He was followed by Yan Song, a colossally corrupt machine politician who knew how to please his ruler. Finally was Xu Jie, a liberal-minded reformer who put a benign edge on the regime’s final years. Drawing on a treasure trove of the grand secretaries’ personal writings, his narrative brings to life the inner workings of imperial governance, providing detailed descriptions of the challenging problems and crises faced by the largest polity on the face of the earth. Richly researched and engagingly written, this book will be essential reading for scholars and students of Ming China.
The fifteen studies presented inConfucian Academies in East Asia offer insight into the history and legacy of these unique institutions of knowledge and education. The contributions analyze origins, spread and development of Confucian academies across China, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan from multiple perspectives. This edited volume is one of the first attempts to understand Confucian academies as a complex transnational, intellectual, and cultural phenomena that played an essential role in various areas of East Asian education, philosophy, religious practice, local economy, print industry, and even archery. The broad chronological range of essays allows it to demonstrate the role of Confucian academies as highly adaptable and active agents of cultural and intellectual change since the eighth century until today. An indispensable handbook for studies of Confucian culture and institutions since the eighth century until the present. Contributors are: Chien Iching, Chung Soon-woo, Deng Hongbo, Martin Gehlmann, Vladimír Glomb, Lan Jun, Lee Byoung-Hoon, Eun-Jeung Lee, Thomas H.C. Lee, Margaret Dorothea Mehl, Steven B. Miles, Hoyt Cleveland Tillman, Nguyễn Tuấn-Cường, Linda Walton and Minamizawa Yoshihiko.
The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy Methodologies presents a new understanding of the changing methods used to study Chinese philosophy. By identifying the various different approaches and discussing the role, and significance of philosophical methods in the Chinese tradition, this collection identifies difficulties and exciting developments for scholars of Asian philosophy. Divided into four parts, the nature of Chinese philosophical thought is illuminated by discussing historical developments, current concerns and methodological challenges. Surveying recent methodological trends, this research companion explores and evaluates the methodologies that have been applied to Chinese philosophy. From these diverse angles, an international team of experts reflect on the considerations that enter their methodological choices and indicate new research directions. The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy Methodologies is an important contribution to the education of the next generation of Chinese philosophers.
Few religious innovations have shaped Chinese history like the emergence of spirit-writing during the Song dynasty. From a divinatory technique it evolved into a complex ritual practice used to transmit messages and revelations from the Gods. This resulted in the production of countless religious scriptures that now form an essential corpus, widely venerated and recited to this day, that is still largely untapped by research. Using historical and ethnographic approaches, this volume for the first time offers a comprehensive overview of the history of spirit-writing, examining its evolution over a millennium, the practices and technologies used, and the communities involved.
The Age of Silver considers how commerce fueled the emergence of the novel around the globe, examining the evolution of epochal works of national literature from Don Quixote in 1605 to Robinson Crusoe in 1719.
本书以《阳明心学与明代内阁政治》为题，主要从历史的角度探讨中晚明阳明心学流行的社会背景，以及学派中人的政治理念和活动。主要采用历史学的实证方法，对前人提出的一些观点进行了辩驳。如针对王阳明在龙场悟道后转向觉民行道的看法，认为王阳明的弟子群体以地方上的中下层士人，具体来说则是举人、生员为主，因而王阳明的传道路线应当归结为“觉士行道”。而在政治上，王阳明顿悟之后也并未放弃对朝廷局势的关心。“大礼议”之际，王阳明曾向其在朝的弟子表明自己的立场，并试图通过这些弟子来对政局加以引导。其讲学传道之际着眼于中下层士人之培植，也正是出于对这些弟子将来入仕之后能够挽救政治之颓势的期待。而心学所针对的，在很大程度上是作为政治主体的士大夫阶层自身之弊病。在当时的政治体制下，此种弊病之最明显的归结，便是内阁之专权植党、排斥异己。阳明学派自阳明起便提倡士大夫分权共治的精神，其后学亦承袭了此种理念。自嘉靖以后，学派中人或抵制内阁而屡遭打击，或入主内阁而兴盛一时。进入万历后，由阁部之争而招致党争大炽，学派中虽有稍向内阁靠拢者，但终亦不能为阁中之党魁所容，余者则渐为反内阁的新生力量东林派所吸收。