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Natural right—the idea that there is a collection of laws and rights based not on custom or belief but that are “natural” in origin—is typically associated with liberal politics and freedom. In The Terror of Natural Right, Dan Edelstein argues that the revolutionaries used the natural right concept of the “enemy of the human race”—an individual who has transgressed the laws of nature and must be executed without judicial formalities—to authorize three-quarters of the deaths during the Terror. Edelstein further contends that the Jacobins shared a political philosophy that he calls “natural republicanism,” which assumed that the natural state of society was a republic and that natural right provided its only acceptable laws. Ultimately, he proves that what we call the Terror was in fact only one facet of the republican theory that prevailed from Louis’s trial until the fall of Robespierre. A highly original work of historical analysis, political theory, literary criticism, and intellectual history, The Terror of Natural Right challenges prevailing assumptions of the Terror to offer a new perspective on the Revolutionary period.
The world-famous French singer Édith Piaf (1915-63) was never just a singer. This book suggests new ways of understanding her, her myth and her meanings over time at home and abroad, by proposing the notion of an 'imagined Piaf.
Alluvial fans are important sedimentary environments. They trap sediment delivered from mountain source areas, and exert an important control on the delivery of sediment to downstream environments, to axial drainages and to sedimentary basins. They preserve a sensitive record of environmental change within the mountain source areas. Alluvial fan geomorphology and sedimentology reflect not only drainage basin size and geology, but change in response to tectonic, climatic and base-level controls. One of the challenges facing alluvial fan research is to resolve how these gross controls are reflected in alluvial fan dynamics and to apply the results of studies of modern fan processes and Quaternary fans to the understanding of sedimentary sequences in the rock record. This volume includes papers based on up-to-date research, and focuses on three themes: alluvial fan processes, dynamics of Quaternary alluvial fans and fan sedimentary sequences. Linking the papers is an emphasis on the controls of fan geomorphology, sedimentology and dynamics. This provides a basis for integration between geomorphological and sedimentological approaches, and an understanding how fluvial systems respond to tectonic, climatic and base-level changes.
In 1690, Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) published Traité de la Lumière, containing his renowned wave theory of light. It is considered a landmark in seventeenth-century science, for the way Huygens mathematized the corpuscular nature of light and his probabilistic conception of natural knowledge. This book discusses the development of Huygens' wave theory, reconstructing the winding road that eventually led to Traité de la Lumière. For the first time, the full range of manuscript sources is taken into account. In addition, the development of Huygens' thinking on the nature of light is put in the context of his optics as a whole, which was dominated by his lifelong pursuit of theoretical and practical dioptrics. In so doing, this book offers the first account of the development of Huygens' mathematical analysis of lenses and telescopes and its significance for the origin of the wave theory of light. As Huygens applied his mathematical proficiency to practical issues pertaining to telescopes – including trying to design a perfect telescope by means of mathematical theory – his dioptrics is significant for our understanding of seventeenth-century relations between theory and practice. With this full account of Huygens' optics, this book sheds new light on the history of seventeenth-century optics and the rise of the new mathematical sciences, as well as Huygens' oeuvre as a whole. Students of the history of optics, of early mathematical physics, and the Scientific Revolution, will find this book enlightening.
Aus dem Inhalt: Aufsätze: Joseph Jurth: Die Konstruktion nationaler Identitäten in Europa (18. bis 20. Jahrhundert) (avec résumé français); Johann Chapoutot: »La Discipline et la force massive« contre »l'intelligence française« (ONUEF) face à l'Allemagne (1910-1939); Dominique Trimbur: La politique culturelle de l'Allemagne en Palestine 1920-1930; Ulrich Lappenküper: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und die »Wiedergutmachung« für die französischen Opfer nationalsozialistischen Unrechts (1949 bis 1960) (avec résumé français); Seung-Ryeol Kim: Jean Monnet, Guy Mollet und das Projekt der Europäischen Gemeinschaften (EPG) (avec résumé français). Zur Forschungsgeschichte und Methodendiskussion: Hans Ulrich Wehler: Das Duell zwischen Sozialgeschichte und Kulturgeschichte: die deutsche Kontroverse im Kontext der westlichen Historiographie; Gabriele Lingelbach: L'histoire de la science historique française à travers les archives parisiennes: guide de recherche; Olivier Buirette: La Commission Interalliée des Réparations de Guerre au début des années 20, ambiguïté de fonctionnement et cas spécifique de l'Allemagne; Michaela Enderle-Ristori: Volksfront und »Ehekrach«. Über Willi Münzenbergs Versuch, mit Hilfe von Georg Bernhard eine Volksfront ohne die KPD zu organisieren; Volker Erhard: Jean Laloy und die Politik des Quai d'Orsay in der zweiten Berlin-Krise (1958-1963). Dokumentation: Claus W. Schäfer: »Plus qu'un acte de courtoisie«. Zur Vorgeschichte des Deutschlandbesuches von Lord Halifax im November 1937. Nekrologe: Horst Möller: Jacques Droz (1909-1998); Josef Becker: Raymond Poidevin (1928-2000).
This book traces the origins of the "illegal alien" in American law and society, explaining why and how illegal migration became the central problem in U.S. immigration policy—a process that profoundly shaped ideas and practices about citizenship, race, and state authority in the twentieth century. Mae Ngai offers a close reading of the legal regime of restriction that commenced in the 1920s—its statutory architecture, judicial genealogies, administrative enforcement, differential treatment of European and non-European migrants, and long-term effects. She shows that immigration restriction, particularly national-origin and numerical quotas, remapped America both by creating new categories of racial difference and by emphasizing as never before the nation's contiguous land borders and their patrol. Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.