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I classify international banking and international shipping together because for a international business that buys and resells materials, the two are interrelated. It is necessary to have a bank and a freight agent that has a lot of experience in international business. Do not use a small local bank as they cannot meet your need when it comes to doing business outside the United States.
More than 85% of all international transactions are conducted using letters of credit, or documentary letters of credit as they are more formally called. Letters of credit are subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, popularly known as UCP, the internationally recognised rules. UCP 600 is the latest version.
Successful overseas sales can open windows of opportunities for international business, allowing companies to grow and substantially increase profits. Documentary letters of credit is one of the most secure payment instruments available to ensure each transaction goes smoothly. Unfortunately, it can also be one of the most complex and technical processes related to cross-border transactions. Cornelio (Onnie) Sumangil relies on more than forty years of experience in international trade banking to help others better understand a documentary letter of credit, how it works, and its purposes. Sumangil provides a roadmap that leads both novice and seasoned cross-border traders through a step-by-step process from analyzing and negotiating the terms and conditions of a transaction to securing a payment at the end of the process. Included is relevant information on negotiation credits, types of time payments, ways to resolve discrepancies, and how to select a high-quality international bank.
The 21st century has witnessed swift change in every sphere of the human endeavour. Regulatory re-alignment, digitalisation and economic and political developments have contributed to paradigm shift in banking, trade, finance and the shipping industry virtually transforming the landscape. International Trade Finance is an essential tool for bankers, exporters/importers, shippers, consultants, teachers and students navigating the procedures of international trade finance. The book addresses basic topics relating to international trade including letters of credit mechanism, collections of bills, trade customs and practice. New to this revised edition, it covers SWIFT updates, supply chain system, UKEF, Blockchain technologies, the implications of BREXIT, NAFTA, Mexico, Canada and other bilateral agreements and their implications, the US sanctions, terrorist financing and anti-money laundering provisions, and a check list to control financial crime risks in trade finance. The extended metaphor of the book is that of an arm chair tour covering fundamentals to the nuances of the hard core of the subject matter and enabling the readers to deal with complicated implementation issues in a forthright and comprehensive fashion.
Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit, Third Edition alerts you to current developments and discusses the recent UCP600, former UCP500, ISP98, UCC Article 5, and current trade practices and problems. The authors review letter of credit law and practices, helping to resolve concerns of applicants, beneficiaries, and issuers. This essential resource includes: Sample forms and clauses, procedures and checklists Current court cases and extensive Table of Cases What can happen to letters of credit in bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings Fraud and injunction nightmares Cross-reference table UCP600 and UCP500 Strategies for bank reimbursement agreements Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit, Third Edition gives you immediate guidance when you need it most. And it supplies real-world letters of credit situations, with analyses of what was done right and wrong.
Stand-alone training and refernce texts designed as practical guides with immediate applications.
A Short Course in International Payments describes how to use letters of credit and documentary collections, how to grant and obtain credit, and how to use cyberpayments in international trade. The book also has an excellent section on trade documentation.
International Standard Banking Practice (ISBP) for the examination of documents under documentary credits, answers the most relevant questions practitioners have concerning how UCP 500, ICC's universally used rules on documentary credits, are to be integrated into day-to-day practice. The product of more than two years of work by the ICC Banking Commission, ISBP is based on the official Opinions issued by the Banking Commission in response to queries submitted by users of UCP 500. The text provides responses to the key questions relating to the examination of drafts, multimodal transport documents, insurance documents, certificates of origin and a range of other documents associates with letters of credit. This publication reflects international standard banking practice for all parties to a documentary credit. Figures show that 60%-70% of credits are rejected for discrepancies on first presentation. The new ISBP, by encouraging a uniformity of practice worldwide, is expected to cut these figures dramatically and, by doing so, to facilitate the flow of world trade.