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Discusses solving difference equations in physics.
Since the first volume of this work came out in Germany in 1937, this book, together with its first volume, has remained standard in the field. Courant and Hilbert's treatment restores the historically deep connections between physical intuition and mathematical development, providing the reader with a unified approach to mathematical physics. The present volume represents Richard Courant's final revision of 1961.
This textbook, first published in 2004, provides an introduction to the major mathematical structures used in physics today.
Developing an approach to the question of existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions, this work presents a systematic elaboration of the theory of inverse problems for all principal types of partial differential equations. It covers up-to-date methods of linear and nonlinear analysis, the theory of differential equations in Banach spaces, applications of functional analysis, and semigroup theory.
Suitable for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students taking a course on mathematical physics, this title presents some of the most important topics and methods of mathematical physics. It contains mathematical derivations and solutions - reinforcing the material through repetition of both the equations and the techniques.
In the present edition I have included "Supplements and Problems" located at the end of each chapter. This was done with the aim of illustrating the possibilities of the methods contained in the book, as well as with the desire to make good on what I have attempted to do over the course of many years for my students-to awaken their creativity, providing topics for independent work. The source of my own initial research was the famous two-volume book Methods of Mathematical Physics by D. Hilbert and R. Courant, and a series of original articles and surveys on partial differential equations and their applications to problems in theoretical mechanics and physics. The works of K. o. Friedrichs, which were in keeping with my own perception of the subject, had an especially strong influence on me. I was guided by the desire to prove, as simply as possible, that, like systems of n linear algebraic equations in n unknowns, the solvability of basic boundary value (and initial-boundary value) problems for partial differential equations is a consequence of the uniqueness theorems in a "sufficiently large" function space. This desire was successfully realized thanks to the introduction of various classes of general solutions and to an elaboration of the methods of proof for the corresponding uniqueness theorems. This was accomplished on the basis of comparatively simple integral inequalities for arbitrary functions and of a priori estimates of the solutions of the problems without enlisting any special representations of those solutions.
The aim of the book is to present to a wide range of readers (students, postgraduates, scientists, engineers, etc.) basic information on one of the directions of mathematics, methods for solving mathematical physics problems. The authors have tried to select for the book methods that have become classical and generally accepted. However, some of the current versions of these methods may be missing from the book because they require special knowledge. The book is of the handbook-teaching type. On the one hand, the book describes the main definitions, the concepts of the examined methods and approaches used in them, and also the results and claims obtained in every specific case. On the other hand, proofs of the majority of these results are not presented and they are given only in the simplest (methodological) cases. Another special feature of the book is the inclusion of many examples of application of the methods for solving specific mathematical physics problems of applied nature used in various areas of science and social activity, such as power engineering, environmental protection, hydrodynamics, elasticity theory, etc. This should provide additional information on possible applications of these methods. To provide complete information, the book includes a chapter dealing with the main problems of mathematical physics, together with the results obtained in functional analysis and boundary-value theory for equations with partial derivatives.
For physics students interested in the mathematics they use, and for math students interested in seeing how some of the ideas of their discipline find realization in an applied setting. The presentation strikes a balance between formalism and application, between abstract and concrete. The interconnections among the various topics are clarified both by the use of vector spaces as a central unifying theme, recurring throughout the book, and by putting ideas into their historical context. Enough of the essential formalism is included to make the presentation self-contained.