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The book presents the results of the joint annual conference of the four Operations Research Societies DGOR, GM\OR, \GOR and SVOR, held in Vienna in 1990. The main goal was to present practical experiences as well as theoretical results. Both aspects are covered in a balanced way. Papers cover topics from the fields Optimization, Stochastic Modells, Decision Theory and Multicriteria Decision Making, Control Theory, Mathematical Economics, Game Theory, Macroeconomics, Econometrics and Statistics, Supercomputing and Simulation, Non-linear Systems, Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Production, Logistics, Inventory and Marketing among others.
Die schon seit einigen Jahren beobachtbare erfreuliche Tendenz, daB die Jahrestagungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fOr Operations Research zunehmend von allen Interessentengruppen . der Unternehmensforschung innerhalb sowie auBerhalb der Gesellschaft als willkommenes Forum fOr einen breiten, dabei aber zugleich auch intensiven wissenschaftlichen Meinungs- und Erfahrungsaustausch genutzt werden, hat sich auf der 9. Jahrestagung, die vom 24. bis 26. September 1980 in den Raumen der Universitat Essen durchgefOhrt wurde, fortgesetzt und weiter verstarkt. Dies zeigt sich allein schon dadurch, daB auf dieser von Ober 400 Teilnehmern besuchten 9. Jahrestagung 135 Vortrage gehalten wurden. Hinzu kamen der Eroffnungs-und der Plenarvortrag, die Hohepunkte der Tagung darstellten und fOr die ein auf nationaler Ebene renommierter Praktiker sowie ein international angesehener Wissenschaftler des Opera tions Research gewonnen werden konnten. Der hiermit vorgelegte Pro ceedings-Band, der erstmals!1" Springer-Verlag erscheint, gibt einen Oberblick Ober das wissenschaftliche Programm dieser 9. Jahrestagung. Bei der Vielzahl der eingegangenen Vortragsanmeldungen konnte - wie auch schon in den beiden Jahren zuvor - durch die Einordnung der Beitrage in 26 Sektionen eine fruchtbare Fachdiskussion zwischen Vertre tern der Hochschule und der Praxis auf den unterschiedlichen Teildiszipli nen des Operations Research ermoglicht werden. Zugleich wurde damit auch den interessierten Zuhorern ein nach bewahrten Themengebieten strukturiertes reichhaltigesAuswahlangebot gemacht, das in dieserVielfalt gerne aufgenommen worden ist. Dabei lieBen sich gemaB der inhaltlichen Bezeichnung und vortragsmaBigen Gestaltung der Sektionen zwei durch aus begrOBenswerte Entwicklungsrichtungen des Operations Research erkennen.
Zoologists have categorized primates into a single order, and no one doubts today that they share a common ancestry. Humans and Old and New World non human primate species, from the lemurs of Madagascar to the African anthro poid apes, represent diverging branches of an evolutionary common trunk. Along with species-specific characters, all primates have retained a number of ancestral traits, relics of their common origin. The comparative study of these species-specific and ancestral traits makes it possible to reconstruct the evolu tionary pathways of humans and nonhuman primates. The discovery of the human blood groups and, later, of the Major Histocom patibility Complex (MHC) had a seminal effect on the field of human genetics, providing the first sound examples of mendel ian polymorphisms. The use of blood group and MHC alleles as genetic markers in biological anthropology gen erated a conceptual revolution and persuaded researchers to begin to think in terms of populations and not only intems of typology. The counterparts of these human red and white cell antigens were found and studied in nunhuman primates, and progress in this field is summarized in this book.
This is a book that fills the gap between Newtonian gravitation and sophisticated, relativistic theories. It will enable the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate student to learn the postnewtonian theory that is necessary to account for precise, modern observations. No knowledge of differential geometry is assumed — the required, geometrical ideas are dealt with, as they arise, in their physical context. The book will be useful as an introduction to relativistic theories. Professional physicists and astronomers will be interested in the way the postnewtonian theory is derived as an almost trivial generalization of the Newtonian.
Dieser Band enthält eine vollständige Dokumentation über das wissenschaftliche Programm der 17. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Operations Research in Berlin. Besondere Schwerpunkte weist diese Tagung auf den Gebieten Mathematische Optimierung, Decision Support Systeme und Anwendungen der KI-Forschung auf. Einen breiten Raum nehmen die Bereiche Produktionsplanung, Produktionssteuerung, Flexible Fertigungssysteme und Materialwirtschaft ein. Dazu kommen OR-Anwendungen für Banken, Versicherungsbetriebe und im Marketing sowie Beiträge über den Stand der Entscheidungstheorie, Kontrolltheorie und Zuverlässigkeitstheorie. Arbeiten über Simulation und Simulationswerkzeuge, über Datenanalyse und Prognoseverfahren sowie über die Theorie der Fuzzy Sets runden das breite thematische Spektrum ab.
Bile acids are increasingly being seen as extremely important carcinogenic agents in cancers of the bile duct, liver, colon, rectum, and oesophagus. They are essential agents involved in lipid digestion and absorption in mammals, however, they also play wide-ranging roles in a variety of disease states ranging from diabetes to cancer. They have evolved exquisite mechanisms for controlling their own synthesis and to ensure that they are produced at correct concentrations and also kept in the correct anatomical environment. It is only when these fine levels of controls are breached that Bile acids become associated with disease. This breaching of control mechanisms can occur through dietary means (e.g. in obesity) whereby excessive levels of Bile acids are produced and converted (via the bacterial flora) to damaging secondary Bile acids. Furthermore, lack of re-absorption of Bile acids can lead to liver pathologies. The atypical movement of Bile acids into the oesophagus, stimulated by episodes of reflux, is linked to oesophageal cancer. In recent years there have been tremendous advances in the understanding of the mechanisms behind the toxicity and bioactivity of different Bile acids and these are covered at length in this book. Prior to the publication of this book there was no single source of information on the toxicology and bioactivity properties of Bile acids. The book also uniquely collects all the relevant information together regarding the role of Bile acids in human disease and the mechanisms underlying Bile acid induced pathology. Additionally, as Bile acids are synthesised from cholesterol, there is wide recognition of the role for Bile acids in obesity linked diseases and this is also covered in this new publication. The book is edited by two experts in the field who have been involved in Bile acid research for several years and who are closely involved with major research groups in the UK, Europe and the US actively engaged in Bile acid research. The Editors have brought together world experts in their own fields to discuss the contribution of Bile acids to various disease pathologies, as well as discussing the mechanisms behind their activity. The book details the plethora of biological activities of this fascinating group of naturally occurring chemicals and provides a one-stop reference for scientists wishing to gain a fuller understanding of Bile acid activity and function.
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