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The development of polymers as an important class of material was inhibited at the first by the premature failure of these versatile compounds in many applications. The deterioration of important properties of both natural and synthetic polymers is the result of irreversible changes in composition and structure of polymers molecules. As a result of these reactions, mechanical, electrical and/or aesthetic properties are degraded beyond acceptable limits. It is now generally recognized that stabilization against degradation is necessary if the useful life of polymers is to be extended sufficiently to meet design requirements for long-term applications. Polymers degrade by a wide variety of mechanisms, several of which affect all polymers through to varying degree. This monograph will concentrate on those degradation mechanisms which result from reactions of polymers with oxygen in its various forms and which are accelerated by heat and/or radiation. Those stabilization mechanisms are discussed which are based on an understanding of degradation reaction mechanisms that are reasonably well established. The stabilization of polymers is still undergoing a transition from an art to a science as mechanisms of degradation become more fully developed. A scientific approach to stabilization can only be approached when there is an understanding of the reactions that lead to degradation. Stabilization against biodegradation and burning will not be discussed since there is not a clear understanding of how polymers degrade under these conditions.
Covers recent advances in polymer degradation and stabilization. Focuses on the basics of photo- and bio-degradability. Delineates special and general environmental parameters such as solar irradiation, temperature, and agrochemical exposure. Surveys plastic waste disposal strategies such as recycling, incineration, chemical recovery by pyrolysis, and source reduction.
The study of polymer degradation and stabilisation is of considerable practical importance as the industrial uses of polymeric materials continue to expand. In this book, the authors lucidly relate technological phenomena to the chemistry and physics of degradation and stabilisation processes. Degradation embraces a variety of technologically important phenomena ranging from relatively low temperature processes such as 'weathering' of plastics, 'fatigue' of rubbers through the processing of polymers in shearing mixers to very high temperature processes such as flammability and ablation. All these technological phenomena have in common certain basic chemical reactions. Thus 'weathering' has its roots in photo-oxidation, 'fatigue' and melt-degradation in mechano-oxidation and flammability, and ablation in ablation in pyrolysis and vapour phase oxidation.
Ein Praxisleitfaden der Polymeranalyse für alle, die sich in Polymerlabors mit Analytik, Qualitätskontrolle oder Produktentwicklung beschäftigen. Der Autor erläutert, aus seinem umfangreichen Erfahrungsschatz, welche Probleme in welchen Situationen auftreten können. Viele Fallstudien helfen bei der Anwendung der Erkenntnisse im Laboralltag. Mit einer umfangreichen Datensammlung zu physikalischen Eigenschaften von Polymeren! (07/00)
Understanding the thermal degradation of polymers is of paramount importance for developing a rational technology of polymer processing and higher-temperature applications. Controlling degradation requires understanding of many different phenomena, including chemical mechanisms, the influence of polymer morphology, the complexities of oxidation chemistry, and the effects of stabilisers, fillers and other additives. This book offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors requiring an understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on material and product performance.
During the past decade, the field of polymer degradation and stabilization has become a subject of central importance in polymer science and technology. This book provides a fundamental source of information designed for those with only a basic understanding of the background of the field.
Based on the proceedings of the eleventh international Cellucon conference held in Tsukuba, Japan, this book offers a comprehensive overview of important research undertaken into all aspects of environmentally compatible polymers.It deals with natural and synthetic polymer materials such as gels, fibres, pulp and paper, films, foams, blends and composites and shows how environmental compatibility such as biodegradability and recyclability can be developed by utilising natural polymers such as polysaccharides and polyphenols. - Based on the proceedings of the eleventh international Cellucon conference held in Tsukuba, Japan - Offers a comprehensive overview of important research undertaken into all aspects of environmentally compatible polymers - Deals with natural and synthetic polymer materials such as gels, fibres, pulp and paper, films, foams, blends and composites
This volume contains reviews on state-of-the-art Japanese research presented in the annual Spring and Autumn meetings of the Japanese Polymer Science Society. The aim of this section is to make information on the progress of Japanese Polymer Science, and on topics of current interest to polymer scientists in Japan, more easily available worldwide.
Understanding the dynamics of reactive polymer processes allows scientists to create new, high-value, high-performance polymers. This book is an indispensable resource for researchers and practitioners working in this area. It includes coverage of thermoplastics, thermoset and reactive polymers, together with practical industrial processes and modern chemorheological models and tools.