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The mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through the strict regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. The control of the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa is unique and, compared with most other tissue in the body, complex. Mucosal growth is regulated by the same hormones that alter metabolism in other tissues, but the gastrointestinal mucosa also responds to host events triggered by the ingestion and presence of food within the digestive tract. These gut hormones and peptides regulate the growth of the exocrine pancreas, gallbladder epithelium, and the mucosa of the oxyntic gland region of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Luminal factors, including nutrients or other dietary factors, secretions, and microbes that occur within the lumen and distribute over a proximal-to-distal gradient, are also crucial for maintenance of normal gut mucosal regeneration and could explain the villous-height-crypt-depth gradient and variety of adaptation, since these factors are diluted, absorbed, and destroyed as they pass down the digestive tract. Recently, intestinal stem cells, cellular polyamines, and noncoding RNAs are shown to play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth under physiological and various pathological conditions. In this book, we highlight key issues and factors that control gastrointestinal mucosal growth and homeostasis, with special emphasis on the mechanisms through which epithelial renewal and apoptosis are regulated at the cellular and molecular levels.
A fully updated and illustrated handbook providing comprehensive coverage of all curriculum areas covered by the MRCOG Part 1 examination.
This is the most comprehensive book to be written on the subject of fetal MRI. It provides a practical hands-on approach to the use of state-of-the-art MRI techniques and the optimization of sequences. Fetal pathological conditions and methods of prenatal MRI diagnosis are discussed by organ system, and the available literature is reviewed. Interpretation of findings and potential artifacts are thoroughly considered with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations. In addition, the implications of fetal MRI are explored from the medico-legal and ethical points of view. This book will serve as a detailed resource for radiologists, obstetricians, neonatologists, geneticists, and any practitioner wanting to gain an in-depth understanding of fetal MRI technology and applications. In addition, it will provide a reference source for technologists, researchers, students, and those who are implementing a fetal MRI service in their own facility.
This book offers one of the most comprehensive reviews in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, guiding readers on a journey through the complete digestive tract, while also highlighting related organs and glandular systems. It is not solely limited to organ system physiology, and related disciplines like anatomy and histology, but also examines the molecular and cellular processes that keep the digestive system running. As such, the book provides extensive information on the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels of functions in the GI system. Chapters on the roles of the gut as an endocrine, exocrine and neural organ, as well as its microbiome functions, broaden readers’ understanding of the multi-organ networks in the human body. To help illustrate the interconnections between the physiological concepts, principles and clinical presentations, it outlines clinical examples such as pathologies that link basic science with clinical practice in special “clinical correlates” sections. Covering both traditional and contemporary topics, it is a valuable resource for biomedical students, as well as healthcare and scientific professionals.
Nanoparticles as both potential unique risks and as a valuable approach to increased and higher specificity in delivery of therapeutics A primer on the largest, most diverse, and important microbiome in any mammal "Tricks of the trade" on modifying the oral administration of drugs
Self-expandable stents were initially placed for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases but now play an integral role in the relief of benign and malignant obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system. Self-Expandable Stents in the Gastrointestinal Tract will familiarize the reader with the indications, techniques, and outcome following placement of expandable metal stents within the gastrointestinal tract. The volume covers all aspects of expandable stents including their composition, tissue responses, and placement techniques. In addition, placement using endoscopic and radiologic techniques is discussed. Unique illustrations allow the reader to gain knowledge that will improve their ability to care for their patients. The volume will serve as a comprehensive reference for all aspects of expandable stents. Self-Expandable Stents in the Gastrointestinal Tract will be extremely useful for physicians in the field of gastroenterology, endoscopy, and radiology, as well as gastrointestinal and thoracic surgeons whether they are in training or practice.
Provide evidence-based perspectives on all clinically relevant topics, explaining step by step how to apply the latest advances in practice. Succinct yet comprehensive discussions provide just the right amount of clinical detail. Plus, a consistent organization and full-color art program enable you to quickly and easily access needed information. Offers more than 1,000 illustrations, photographs, and tables (400 in full color) that promote a visual grasp of the material. Presents coverage of the hottest topics in today's practice, including GERD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, ulcerative colitis, and Barretts esophagus, as well as the psychosocial aspects of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Features four new chapters covering complimentary and alternative medicine palliative care gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and eosinophilic disorders, plus expanded information on obesity and nutrition.
The authors chronicle the development of the gastrointestinal system b eginning with the embryology of the gastrointestinal tract through dev elopment of cells to hormones and enzymes. Each section provides detai led explanation of that stage of development so residents and clinicia ns can better understand the interrelationships of each structure. Spe cial attention is given to the latest cellular information and gene pr omoters in the regulation of intestinal development. Coverage of defec ts due to trauma and infections is also included.