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Stimulus-responsive polymer microgels swell and shrink reversibly upon exposure to various environmental stimuli such as change in pH, temperature, ionic strength or magnetic fields. Therefore, they become ideal candidates for biomaterial applications. This work covers the general areas of responsive microgels and their application on controlled and targeted drug release. According to the therapy purpose, this work can be classified to two parts.
The book provides experienced as well as young researchers with a topical view of the vibrant field of soft nanotechnology. In addition to elucidating the underlying concepts and principles that drive continued innovation, major parts of each chapter are devoted to detailed discussions of potential and already realized applications of micro- and nanogel- based materials. Examples of the diverse areas impacted by these materials are biocompatible coatings for implants, films for controlled drug release, self-healing soft materials and responsive hydrogels that react to varying pH conditions, temperature or light.
Since the turn of the last century, significant advances have been documented in the literature on the design and engineering of microgels. Specialized reviews, each covering only a specific aspect of microgel development, are available; however, works that provide a comprehensive overview of the recent status of microgel research can hardly been found. The latter is important to the field as it can offer a broad view of the current situation and the possibilities for future microgel research. The objective of this book is to fill this gap by presenting a snapshot of the latest advances in the synthesis, characterization and applications of microgels. This book consists of three sections. The first section aims at providing an overview of the latest status of microgel research. Concepts in the current understandings of microgel fabrication and characterisation will be discussed. The second section is devoted to exploiting microgel properties and engineering techniques. The development of a diversity of gel systems, ranging from stimuli-responsive microgels and noncovalent crosslinking microgels to phenol formaldehyde-based aerogels, will be reviewed. The potential use of electrospray technologies to manipulate the microstructure of microgels will also be exploited. The last section intends to highlight the application potential of microgels, with a special focus on wastewater treatment, drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene delivery, bioimaging, and antifouling. It is hoped that this book will not only lay a foundation of knowledge and terminology to those interested in a future research career in the subject, but can also serve as a reference guide to researchers working in the field in terms of the concepts and techniques relating to microgel development.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Stimuli-Responsive Gels" that was published in Gels
Microgels by Precipitation Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization, by A. Pich and W. Richtering * Hydrogels in Miniemulsions, by K. Landfester and A. Musyanovych * Nano- and Microgels Through Addition Reactions of Functional Oligomers and Polymers, by K. Albrecht, M. Moeller, and J. Groll * Synthesis of Microgels by Radiation Methods, by F. Krahl and K.-F. Arndt * Microgels as Nanoreactors: Applications in Catalysis, by N. Welsch, M.s Ballauff, and Y. Lu
Microgels by Precipitation Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization, by A. Pich and W. Richtering * Hydrogels in Miniemulsions, by K. Landfester and A. Musyanovych * Nano- and Microgels Through Addition Reactions of Functional Oligomers and Polymers, by K. Albrecht, M. Moeller, and J. Groll * Synthesis of Microgels by Radiation Methods, by F. Krahl and K.-F. Arndt * Microgels as Nanoreactors: Applications in Catalysis, by N. Welsch, M.s Ballauff, and Y. Lu
Since the turn of the last century, significant advances have been documented in the literature on the design and engineering of microgels. Specialized reviews, each covering only a specific aspect of microgel development, are available; however, works that provide a comprehensive overview of the recent status of microgel research can hardly been found. The latter is important to the field as it can offer a broad view of the current situation and the possibilities for future microgel research. The objective of this book is to fill this gap by presenting a snapshot of the latest advances in the synthesis, characterization and applications of microgels. This book consists of three sections. The first section aims at providing an overview of the latest status of microgel research. Concepts in the current understandings of microgel fabrication and characterization will be discussed. The second section is devoted to exploiting microgel properties and engineering techniques. The development of a diversity of gel systems, ranging from stimuli-responsive microgels and noncovalent crosslinking microgels to phenol formaldehyde-based aerogels, will be reviewed. The potential use of electrospray technologies to manipulate the microstructure of microgels will also be exploited. The last section intends to highlight the application potential of microgels, with a special focus on wastewater treatment, drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene delivery, bioimaging, and antifouling. It is hoped that this book will not only lay a foundation of knowledge and terminology to those interested in a future research career in the subject, but can also serve as a reference guide to researchers working in the field in terms of the concepts and techniques relating to microgel development.
This book focuses on a research field that is rapidly emerging as one of the most promising ones for the global optics and photonics community: the “lab-on-fiber” technology. Inspired by the well-established "lab on-a-chip" concept, this new technology essentially envisages novel and highly functionalized devices completely integrated into a single optical fiber for both communication and sensing applications. Based on the R&D experience of some of the world's leading authorities in the fields of optics, photonics, nanotechnology, and material science, this book provides a broad and accurate description of the main developments and achievements in the lab-on-fiber technology roadmap, also highlighting the new perspectives and challenges to be faced. This book is essential for scientists interested in the cutting-edge fiber optic technology, but also for graduate students.
Materials science today is a multidisciplinary effort comprising an accelerated convergence of diverse fields spanning the physical, applied, and engineering sciences. This diversity promises to deliver the next generation of advanced functional materials for a wide range of specific applications. In particular, the past decade has seen a growing interest in the development of nanoscale materials for sophisticated technologies. Aqueous colloidal microgels have emerged as a promising class of soft materials for multiple biotechnology applications. The amalgamation of physical, chemical and mechanical properties of microgels with optical properties of nanostructures in hybrid composite particles further enhances the capabilities of these materials. This work covers the general areas of responsive polymer microgels and their composites, and encompasses methods of fabricating microgel-based drug delivery systems for controlled and targeted therapeutic applications.The first part of this thesis is devoted to acquainting the reader with the fundamental aspects of the synthesis, functionalization and characteristic properties of stimulus-responsive microgels constructed from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAm)) and other functional comonomers. In particular, the role of electrostatics on the swelling-deswelling transitions of polyampholyte microgels upon exposure to a range of environmental stimuli including pH, temperature, and salt concentration are discussed. The templated synthesis of bimetallic gold and silver nanoparticles in zwitterionic microgels is also described.The latter part of this thesis focuses on the rational development of microgel-based drug delivery systems for controlled and targeted drug release. Specifically, the development of a biofunctionalized, pH-responsive drug delivery system (DDS) is illustrated, and shown to effectively suppress cancer cells when loaded with an anticancer agent. In another chapter, the design of tailored hybrid particles that combine the thermal response of microgels with the light-sensitive properties of gold nanorods to create a DDS for photothermally-induced drug release is discussed. The photothermally-triggered volume transitions of hybrid microgels under physiological conditions are reported, and their suitability for the said application evaluated. In another component of this work, it is explicitly shown that electrostatic interactions were not needed to deposit gold nanorods on poly(NIPAm)-derived particles, thereby eliminating the need for incorporation of charged functional groups in the microgels that are otherwise responsible for large, undesirable shifts and broadening of the phase transition.
Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications: Volume Two: Advanced Nanocarriers for Therapeutics discusses, in detail, the recent trends in designing dual and multi-responsive polymers and nanoparticles for safe drug delivery. Chapters cover dual-responsive polymeric nanocarriers for drug delivery and their different stimuli, multi-responsive polymeric nanocarriers, and the therapeutic applications of stimuli-responsive polymers. With an emphasis on advanced medical applications and synergistic operational and technological methodologies for the improvement of polymers systems for the production of stimuli-responsive polymers, this book is essential reading for materials scientists and researchers working in the drug delivery and pharmaceutical industries. As innovation and development in the area of stimuli responsive polymer-based nanomaterials for drug delivery is moving fast and there is an increased global demand for biodegradable and biocompatible responsive polymers and nanoparticles for safe drug delivery, users will find this to be a timely resource. Focusses on the most advanced technologies, recent evaluation methods, technical aspects, and advanced synthesis techniques stimuli-responsive polymers Examines advanced medical applications of stimuli responsive polymers Analyzes synergistic operational and technological methodologies for the improvement of polymer systems for the production of stimuli-responsive polymers in drug delivery