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Automotive Steels: Design, Metallurgy, Processing and Applications explores the design, processing, metallurgy, and applications of automotive steels. While some sheet steels are produced routinely in high volume today, there have been significant advances in the use of steel in the automotive industry. This book presents these metallurgical and application aspects in a way that is not available in the current literature. The editors have assembled an international team of experts who discuss recent developments and future prospects for automotive steels, compiling essential reading for both academic and industrial metallurgists, automotive design engineers, and postgraduate students attending courses on the metallurgy of automotive materials. Presents recent developments on the design, metallurgy, processing, and applications of automotive steels Discusses automotive steels that are currently in the early stages of research, such as low-density and high modulus steels that are driving future development Covers traditional steels, advanced high strength steels, elevated Mn steels and ferrous composite materials
The book covers all types of advanced high strength steels ranging from dual-phase, TRIP. Complex phase, martensitic, TWIP steels to third generation steels, including promising candidates as carbide free bainitic steels, med Mn and Quenching & Partitioning processed steels. The author presents fundamentals of physical metallurgy of key features of structure and relationship of structure constituents with mechanical properties as well as basics of processing AHSS starting from most important features of intercritical heat treatment, with focus on critical phase transformations and influence of alloying and microalloying. This book intends to summarize the existing knowledge to show how it can be utilized for optimization and adaption of steel composition, processing, and for additional improvement of steel properties that should be recommended to engineering personal of steel designers, producers and end users of AHSS as well as to students of colleges and Universities who deal with materials for auto industry.
The current work aimed to develop cold rolled steel sheets with Rm> 1000 MPa optimised for roll forming to be produced in existing continuous annealing lines with either gas (CAL-GQ) or water quenching (CAL-WQ) and in hot dip galvanising (HDG) lines. The result of the project is a significant improvement in roll formability for materials produced in all three lines, compared to state of the art materials of the same strength level. The three steels developed within the project also reached the target values in terms of bendability (Ri/t 2) and hole expansion ratio (punched)25%. For the HDG line, the optimum microstructure consisted of bainite and small amounts of untempered martensite to reach the necessary strength level. A key to produce these steels is to avoid polygonal ferrite by using a relative high annealing temperature and well balanced amount of hardenable elements. For CAL-GQ with overaging section, the optimum microstructure consists of lower bainite, tempered martensite, and possibly a few percent ferrite. The process window in this line is largest, even Rm> 1200 MPa materials were produced in this line with good formability. For CAL-WQ with tempering section, the optimum microstructure is a highfraction martensite DP steel tempered at relative high temperature. This steel can be produced with very lean chemistries but controlling the amount and distribution of martensite is challenging.
This compilation of papers covers recent advances in integrating modelling and sensing for intelligent processing control of solidification processes such as melt processing, casting, joining, RSP, vapour plasma and crystal growth.