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This book is distinctive among current studies on this topic. The Chinese economy has entered a period of transformation, which has brought changes to the finance market and consumer habits. For a long time, topics such as monetary policy, reform, financial risks and so forth have been the focus. But there have been few studies of those aspects of the consumer finance market that are directly related to private consumption. Studies on this topic, to which this book contributes, are necessary for understanding the current economic situation in China. This is a full-scale comparative study of consumer finance in China, Japan and South Korea, and will draw lessons for China in this area from the experience of the other two countries.
In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.
The fundamental importance of economic institutions for economic growth through their impact on technological change has been argued, reconfirmed by recent empirical studies, but not examined theoretically. This paper tries to fill that gap. In the model proposed, economic growth is affected by the efficiency and riskiness of research and development (R&D), which are endogenized through financial institutions. The theory and its results shed lights on the debate of convergence versus divergence; the “East Asia miracle” versus the East Asia financial crisis; and the rise and fall of centralized economies.
Asia and the Pacific continues to embrace financial technology advances that are reshaping the traditional banking and financial services industry. This is being done through the digitalization, decentralization, and disintermediation of economic transactions. This report tracks the progress of financial innovation in the region, and discusses its implications for financial inclusion and stability as well as its challenges. It also identifies key policy issues for central banks, financial regulators, and international financial institutions.
Finance is important for development. However, the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and the global financial crisis of 2008 highlighted the serious risks associated with financial liberalisation and excessive innovation. East Asia's strong focus on economic growth has necessitated a careful balancing of the benefits of financial liberalisation and innovation against the very real risks inherent in financial sector development. This paper examines this issue, focusing on the role of regulation and legal and institutional infrastructure in both supporting financial development and limiting the risk of financial crises. The paper then addresses a series of issues with particular developmental significance in the region: trade finance, mortgage markets, SME finance, non-bank finance, and mobile financial services.
The countries of East and Southeast Asia have the world's most dynamic money markets. Essential to the Asian economy, their performance plays a crucial role in the successful development of other financial markets, such as those for business and consumer loans. This original study of the effect of government policy on the performance of money markets in the economies of this region (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and South Korea) is the only comprehensive book addressing this topic available today. Individual chapters were written by experts in the field, and were guided by a common research methodology. This book will be of great value to Pacific Basin specialists, bankers, academics, and public policy planners in finance.
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