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Increased HIV screening may help identify more people with the disease, but there may not be enough resources to provide them with the care they need. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Screening and Access to Care concludes that more practitioners must be trained in HIV/AIDS care and treatment and their hospitals, clinics, and health departments must receive sufficient funding to meet a growing demand for care.
This booklet, prepared by the World Health Organization's Regional office for the Western Pacific, seeks to provide nurses with the information and tools required to organize nursing services to meet the needs resulting from HIV infection and the AIDS epidemic. Nurse managers and nurse educators must become active participants in health policy formulation and planning to organize a framework for the prevention and control of HIV. This publication first outlines the World Health Organization's Global AIDS Strategy and suggested national activities. It then delineates guidelines for the development of a nursing component in national AIDS prevention and control programs. These include formation of a nursing task force, policy formulation, situation analysis, initial needs assessment, and program evaluation. Also presented is a chart containing evaluation indicators for the nursing program. This is the second in a series of booklets that comprise the HIV/AIDS Reference Library for Nurses.
Over half the world's rural population, and many in urban slums, have minimal access to health services. This book describes how to set up new, and develop existing, community-based health care for, by and with, the community.
The decade ahead will test the nation's nearly 4 million nurses in new and complex ways. Nurses live and work at the intersection of health, education, and communities. Nurses work in a wide array of settings and practice at a range of professional levels. They are often the first and most frequent line of contact with people of all backgrounds and experiences seeking care and they represent the largest of the health care professions. A nation cannot fully thrive until everyone - no matter who they are, where they live, or how much money they make - can live their healthiest possible life, and helping people live their healthiest life is and has always been the essential role of nurses. Nurses have a critical role to play in achieving the goal of health equity, but they need robust education, supportive work environments, and autonomy. Accordingly, at the request of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, on behalf of the National Academy of Medicine, an ad hoc committee under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study aimed at envisioning and charting a path forward for the nursing profession to help reduce inequities in people's ability to achieve their full health potential. The ultimate goal is the achievement of health equity in the United States built on strengthened nursing capacity and expertise. By leveraging these attributes, nursing will help to create and contribute comprehensively to equitable public health and health care systems that are designed to work for everyone. The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity explores how nurses can work to reduce health disparities and promote equity, while keeping costs at bay, utilizing technology, and maintaining patient and family-focused care into 2030. This work builds on the foundation set out by The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011) report.
This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.
Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining: How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.
Globally an estimated 34 million people have HIV. More than 35 million people have died from the virus, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in history. Today, many scientific advances have been made in HIV treatment, there are laws to protect people living with HIV and we understand so much more about the condition. But despite this, people do not know the facts about how to protect themselves and others from HIV, and stigma and discrimination remain a reality for many people living with HIV. The idea for this book grew out of a institutional consultation by various departments under the patron ship of the director & the dean of AIIMS Bhubaneswar on offering concise and original introductions to a wide range of subjects on HIV/AIDS. This meeting brought experts on HIV/AIDS together with national AIDS programme managers to discuss how HIV/AIDS could be addressed more systematically within existing HIV health sector programmes. The participants recognized that for this goal to be achieved it was necessary to produce an book for programme managers, students and health care staff to provide knowledge about the various guidelines ,address specific types of HIV/AIDS clinical conditions and their management and diagnostic algorithms for screening and identification of HIV positive cases. The process of developing this book has been iterative, with revisions being made continuously through interaction with numerous reviewers, people in the field and, in the final stages, review by the editors with continuous guidance and support by the chief editor. The book is not only thoroughly researched and authoritative – it is very timely, since an epidemic of AIDS and people living with HIV is superimposing itself upon the heavy cost that AIDS is already exacting from men and women throughout the world. This is particularly so in Africa, but also in Western Europe and North America and Asia. The book is important as it reminds the public and Government that HIV has not gone away – there is still a vital need to raise money, increase awareness, fight prejudice and improve education. It gives an opportunity to learn the facts about HIV and put the knowledge into action. If helps to understand how HIV is transmitted, how it can be prevented, and the reality of living with HIV today - this knowledge can be used to take care of one’s health and the health of others, and ensure treating everyone living with HIV fairly, and with respect and understanding. That's why it was decided to create awareness by releasing a concise book on HIV/AIDS at AIIMS Bhubaneswar. The book is timely for a further reason. The UNAIDS has chosen, “Getting to Zero” as the theme for the year 2015. This selected by the World AIDS Campaign (WAC) to commemorate year 2015 World AIDS Day on 1st December. The new theme, that will be used until 2015, echoes the UNAIDS vision of achieving “Zero new HIV infections. Zero discrimination. Zero AIDS-related deaths. For even though the epidemic has been identifiably present for nearly 30 years, there is still much work to be done – not only in bringing life-saving treatment to everyone who faces death from AIDS, but in shaping insights about how best to deal with AIDS. The grief, pain and loss the pandemic inflicts can make us angry. Ignorance of how HIV is transmitted can make us fearful. HIV-related stigma can make us respond irrationally to those living with the virus. This book will, we think, be very helpful to the programme managers, students and health care staff. The book is well-structured, carefully stated and authoritative. It argues & emphasises a point – “Zero new HIV infections. Zero discrimination. Zero AIDS-related deaths & also provides insight into the various aspects of HIV transmission, diagnostic modalities , social and psychological aspects of AIDS patients with evidence and empathy. Through its information and the authority with which it uses its arguments, this book makes an important contribution to global understanding of policy in the epidemic. The book is not simply a textbook of definitions; each chapter provides trenchant and provocative--yet always balanced and complete--discussions of the central issues in a given topic. Every Very Short Introduction gives a readable evolution of the subject in question, demonstrating how it has developed. Whatever the area of HIV / AIDS related study, each topic will fascinates the reader, the book is a handy and affordable guide that will likely prove indispensable.